Structures And Transformations

Structural linguists have focused on the morphological patternings of the Romance verb system, both from the point of view of systematizing variation and of mapping meaning on the form. Transformationalists, however, have tended to focus on the English auxiliaries. This book fills a gap in previous accounts by investigating the syntax of Romance verb-form usage, concerning both the verb itself and a simple sentence and such phenomena as sequence of tense in complex sentences. Adopting both a synchronic and diachronic perspective, and combining the approaches of structuralists and transformationalists, the author argues that there are still valid ideas to be drawn from the pre-Chomskyan concern with paradigmatic structure.

Addressing both theoretical and practical aspects of phase transformation in alloys, this text formulates significant aspects of the quantitative metallurgy of phase transformations. It further applies solid-state theoretical concepts to structure problems arising in experimental studies of real alloys. Author Armen G. Khachaturyan, Professor of Materials Science at Rutgers University, ranks among the foremost authorities on this subject. In this volume, he takes a creative approach to examining change in atomic structure and morphology caused by ordering, strain-induced ordering, strain-controlled decomposition, and strain-induced coarsening. Unifying relationships among various fields of solid-state physics are stressed throughout the book. Topics include structure changes in two-phase alloys controlled by the phase transformation elastic strain, in addition to important results in the area of microscopic elasticity regarding problems of elastic interaction in impurity atoms, and strain-induced ordering and decomposition in interstitial solutions. An excellent text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in physical metallurgy, solid state physics, solid state chemistry, and materials science, this volume is also a valuable reference for professionals conducting research in phase transformations

This major collection of essays challenges many of our preconceptions about British political and social history from the late eighteenth century to the present. Inspired by the work of Gareth Stedman Jones, twelve leading scholars explore both the long-term structures - social, political and intellectual - of modern British history, and the forces that have transformed those structures at key moments. The result is a series of insightful, original essays presenting new research within a broad historical context. Subjects covered include the consequences of rapid demographic change in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; the forces shaping transnational networks, especially those between Britain and its empire; and the recurrent problem of how we connect cultural politics to social change. An introductory essay situates Stedman Jones's work within the broader historiographical trends of the past thirty years, drawing important conclusions about new directions for scholarship in the twenty-first century.

The terms phase transitions and phase transformations are often used in an interchangeable manner in the metallurgical literature. In Phase Transformations, transformations driven by pressure changes, radiation and deformation and those occurring in nanoscale multilayers are brought to the fore. Order-disorder transformations, many of which constitute very good examples of continuous transformations, are dealt with in a comprehensive manner. Almost all types of phase transformations and reactions that are commonly encountered in inorganic materials are covered and the underlying thermodynamic, kinetic and crystallographic aspects elucidated. Shows readers the advancements in the field - due to enhanced computing power and superior experimental capability Drawing upon the background and the research experience of the authors, bringing together a wealth of experience Written essentially from a physical metallurgists view point

The theory of 2-structures provides a convenient framework for decomposition and transformation of mathematical systems where one or several different binary relationships hold between the objects of the system. In particular, it forms a useful framework for decomposition and transformation of graphs. The decomposition methods presented in this book correspond closely to the top-down design methods studied in computer science. The transformation methods considered here have a natural interpretation in the dynamic evolution of certain kinds of communication networks. From the mathematical point of view, the clan decomposition method presented here, also known as modular decomposition or substitution decomposition, is closely related to the decomposition by quotients in algebra. The transformation method presented here is based on labelled 2-structures over groups, the theory of which generalizes the well-studied theory of switching classes of graphs. This book is both a text and a monograph. As a monograph, the results concerning the decomposition and transformation of 2-structures are presented in a unified way. In addition, detailed notes on references are provided at the end of each chapter. These notes allow the reader to trace the origin of many notions and results, and to browse through the literature in order to extend the material presented in the book. To facilitate its use as a textbook, there are numerous examples and exercises which provide an opportunity for the reader to check his or her understanding of the discussed material. Furthermore, the text begins with preliminaries on partial orders, semigroups, groups and graphs to the extent needed for the book. Request Inspection Copy

This book introduces an analytical method, the U-transformation method, for the exact analysis of structures with the periodic property. The physical meaning of U-transformation is fully explained and the application of this technique to derive exact analytical solutions for a wide variety of structures with the periodic property is thoroughly illustrated. The book also provides useful exact and explicit formulas for many practical engineering problems. Many of these solutions are new results that have just appeared in international journals. The practical engineering structures considered in the book include continuous beams, stiffened plates, trusses, grillages, double layer grids and so on. Contents:Uncoupling of the Dynamic Equation for Cyclic Periodic Structures and U-TransformationAnalytical Solutions for Cyclic Periodic StructuresLinear Periodic Structures — Discrete SystemsLinear Periodic Structures — Continuous SystemsStructures with Periodicity in Two DirectionsExact Solution of the Finite Element EquationNearly Periodic Structures Readership: Graduate students, researchers in structural engineering, and design engineers. Keywords:U-Transformation;Periodic Structures;Periodic Mass-Spring Systems;Mode Subspace;Mode Localization;Stiffened Plates;Othogonal Networks;Diagonal Networks;Grids;Double Layer Grids;Disordered System;Stop Band

Given a mathematical structure, one of the basic associated mathematical objects is its automorphism group. The object of this book is to give a biased account of automorphism groups of differential geometric struc tures. All geometric structures are not created equal; some are creations of ~ods while others are products of lesser human minds. Amongst the former, Riemannian and complex structures stand out for their beauty and wealth. A major portion of this book is therefore devoted to these two structures. Chapter I describes a general theory of automorphisms of geometric structures with emphasis on the question of when the automorphism group can be given a Lie group structure. Basic theorems in this regard are presented in §§ 3, 4 and 5. The concept of G-structure or that of pseudo-group structure enables us to treat most of the interesting geo metric structures in a unified manner. In § 8, we sketch the relationship between the two concepts. Chapter I is so arranged that the reader who is primarily interested in Riemannian, complex, conformal and projective structures can skip §§ 5, 6, 7 and 8. This chapter is partly based on lec tures I gave in Tokyo and Berkeley in 1965.