Surface Engineering 2002 Synthesis Characterization And Applications Volume 750

This book provides a forum for international and interdisciplinary discussion of phenomena where materials performance may be enhanced through engineered surfaces and interfaces. The materials science of hard and wear-resistant coatings, including nanostructured coatings, is a scientifically challenging problem with immediate technological applications in machine and machining tools, magnetic recording and other manufacturing industries. Hard coating systems designed for use in next-generation materials applications must achieve a combination of physical properties. The performance and reliability of MEMS devices strongly depend on the near-surface properties and many materials issues at the micro- and nanoscale remain to be resolved. This book reviews key aspects, discusses ongoing research and speculates on future trends. Topics include: nano- and micrometer-scale characterization and properties; synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials; deposition, characterization and properties of films and coatings; industrial applications of surface engineering; atomistic and continuum modeling of materials properties; surface engineering issues for bio/microelectronics applications; and surface engineering issues in MEMS structures and devices.

​​Since the introduction of laser devices to the medical sciences this technology has created great interest. Specifically, the laser’s unique physical properties and precise bio-tissue interactions render this versatile source of biologic energy an attractive tool for multiple therapeutic purposes in cardiovascular medicine. Over the course of the last 2 decades the utilization of laser technology has become an important component for the management of patients with complex cardiovascular diseases. During this time period, cutting edge laser technology including a variety of wave length generators, newly designed catheters, and a selection of advanced optic fibers have been introduced and applied in the cardiovascular circulation. Improved lasing techniques in the cardiac catheterization suites and operation rooms have been implemented for treatment of ischemic coronary syndromes, peripheral arterial occlusive disease and other atherosclerotic thrombotic conditions. Moreover, during this 20 year time frame, several multicenter and single center clinical studies have been published focusing on the role and utilization of lasers in coronary and peripheral revascularization. And within the rapidly expanding field of interventional cardiac electrophysiology, laser technology has recently revolutionized the management of fractured, abandoned and malfunctioning leads of cardiac pacemakers and automatic defibrillators. Consequently, replacing a notoriously cumbersome and high risk open heart surgery with safe and markedly efficient percutaneous laser based extraction. This textbook will provide the most authoritative, comprehensive and contemporary information covering technological progress, clinical experience and pertinent aspects of laser applications in cardiovascular medicine. It will be of interest to cardiologists, vascular surgeons and interventional radiologist as well as medical students, scientists, biomedical engineering students and graduates.​

Recent years have witnessed dramatic success in the development of semiconductor materials and related quantum structures for applications in electronics and optoelectronics. Progress has also been made in manufacturable (low cost, high volume) growth and processing of semiconductor materials for such device structures. Novel approaches have been proposed to integrate compound semiconductor devices with conventional silicon processing. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the progress on growth, properties and processing of semiconductor materials and quantum structures, as well to underscore the progress on devices such as transistors, light sources, detectors and modulators. Brought to maturity, these devices will likely see widespread application in infrared imaging, chemical and biological sensing, surveillance, short links, space-based applications, solar cells, high-bandwidth communications, and more. Topics include: electronic devices; Si/Ge devices and technology; zinc oxide and related compounds; emitters, lasers and photovoltaics; nanostructures; innovative materials and devices; detectors; and III-nitride materials and devices.

A primary driver of progress in nanoscience and technology is the continuing advances in the ability to measure structure, and particularly properties, at spatially localized scales. From the point of view of characterization, it is worth mentioning advances in the interpretation of processes in semiconductors, the ability to observe and manipulate metal, carbon and silicon nanowires and nanodots, and studies in molecular self-assembly. The papers in this book fall into two categories - those addressing classes of characterization techniques that emphasize how the combination of theoretical, experimental, and instrumentational developments lead to new capabilities in nanoscale characterization, and those focused on the use of various spatially localized approaches on a single phenomenon or materials issue. Topics include: characterization with electron optics; novel measurements of nanoscale properties; size-dependent behavior of nanoparticles; biological systems at the nanoscale; processing and properties of nanowires and heterostructures; and local phenomena in materials and microstructures.

The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.

This year's nitride symposium showed the scope of nitride-related advances spanning basic materials physics over process technology to high-performance devices. Progress was reported in bulk growth of GaN and AlN, growth on various substrates and substrate orientations, optical properties of InN, defect and doping analysis of p-doped GaN, and polarization properties. These led to new performance records in visible light emitter technology, i.e., higher efficiency/higher brightness, UV emitters with shorter wavelength, and UV and photo detectors. Advances in the development of nitride-based electronic devices with new heterostructure FET designs for RF power applications, including those on Si substrates and wafer fusion, are also reported. This book captures the exciting developments in this rapidly progressing field. Topics include: epitaxy - devices and defect reduction; defects and characterization; epitaxy - nonpolar orientations and alloys; optical properties; UV emitters and detectors; visible light emitters; electronic devices; characterization of defects and transport; and contacts, processing and p-type nitrides.

Advances in silicon carbide materials, processing and device design have recently resulted in implementation of SiC-based electronic systems and offer great promise in high-voltage, high-temperature and high-frequency applications. This volume focuses on new developments in basic science of SiC materials as well as rapidly maturing device technologies. The challenges in this field include understanding and decreasing defect densities in bulk SiC crystals, controlling morphology and residual impurities in epilayers, optimization of implant activation and oxide-SiC interfaces, and developing novel device structures. This book brings together the crystal growers, physicists and device experts needed to continue the rapid pace of silicon-carbide-based technology. Topics include: epitaxial growth; characterization/defects; MOS technology; SiC processing and devices.