Surveys In Number Theory

This volume, based on fourteen papers from the Millennial Conference on Number Theory, represents surveys of topics in number theory and provides an outlook into the future of number theory research. It serves as an inspiration to graduate students and as a reference for research mathematicians.

Number theory has a wealth of long-standing problems, the study of which over the years has led to major developments in many areas of mathematics. This volume consists of seven significant chapters on number theory and related topics. Written by distinguished mathematicians, key topics focus on multipartitions, congruences and identities (G. Andrews), the formulas of Koshliakov and Guinand in Ramanujan's Lost Notebook (B. C. Berndt, Y. Lee, and J. Sohn), alternating sign matrices and the Weyl character formulas (D. M. Bressoud), theta functions in complex analysis (H. M. Farkas), representation functions in additive number theory (M. B. Nathanson), and mock theta functions, ranks, and Maass forms (K. Ono), and elliptic functions (M. Waldschmidt).

Topics covered range from computational complexity, algebraic geometry, dynamics, through to number theory and quantum groups.

A collection of articles showcasing the achievements of young Russian researchers in combinatorial and algebraic geometry and topology.

Exploring the interplay between deep theory and intricate computation, this volume is a compilation of research and survey papers in number theory, written by members of the Women In Numbers (WIN) network, principally by the collaborative research groups formed at Women In Numbers 3, a conference at the Banff International Research Station in Banff, Alberta, on April 21-25, 2014. The papers span a wide range of research areas: arithmetic geometry; analytic number theory; algebraic number theory; and applications to coding and cryptography. The WIN conference series began in 2008, with the aim of strengthening the research careers of female number theorists. The series introduced a novel research-mentorship model: women at all career stages, from graduate students to senior members of the community, joined forces to work in focused research groups on cutting-edge projects designed and led by experienced researchers. The goals for Women In Numbers 3 were to establish ambitious new collaborations between women in number theory, to train junior participants about topics of current importance, and to continue to build a vibrant community of women in number theory. Forty-two women attended the WIN3 workshop, including 15 senior and mid-level faculty, 15 junior faculty and postdocs, and 12 graduate students.

A collection of survey articles by leading young researchers, showcasing the vitality of Russian mathematics.

Field Arithmetic explores Diophantine fields through their absolute Galois groups. This largely self-contained treatment starts with techniques from algebraic geometry, number theory, and profinite groups. Graduate students can effectively learn generalizations of finite field ideas. We use Haar measure on the absolute Galois group to replace counting arguments. New Chebotarev density variants interpret diophantine properties. Here we have the only complete treatment of Galois stratifications, used by Denef and Loeser, et al, to study Chow motives of Diophantine statements. Progress from the first edition starts by characterizing the finite-field like P(seudo)A(lgebraically)C(losed) fields. We once believed PAC fields were rare. Now we know they include valuable Galois extensions of the rationals that present its absolute Galois group through known groups. PAC fields have projective absolute Galois group. Those that are Hilbertian are characterized by this group being pro-free. These last decade results are tools for studying fields by their relation to those with projective absolute group. There are still mysterious problems to guide a new generation: Is the solvable closure of the rationals PAC; and do projective Hilbertian fields have pro-free absolute Galois group (includes Shafarevich's conjecture)?

This is the fifth proceedings volume published under the Women in Numbers umbrella. The WIN workshops and their proceedings volumes are part of the WIN network, aimed at highlighting the research of women and gender minorities in number theory as well as increasing their participation and boosting their potential collaborations in number theory and related fields. The volume contains research articles in the mathematical area of number theory, written by teams of scholars at all levels in the field. More information about the network, its goals and purpose, past and future conferences, and past proceedings volumes, can be found on the WIN website. This volume contains research outcomes and results produced by the collaborative research groups created under the Women in Numbers V workshop, the 5th in its series. The actual workshop was to take place in 2020 at the Banff International Research Station in Banff, Canada, but could not take place onsite due to COVID. The associated research groups, each consisting of 1-2 leaders and 2-4 junior researchers, were formed nevertheless and their collaborations went ahead in purely virtual form, as well as other papers by author teams for which at least 50% of the authors identify as women or gender minorities. These contributions include original research and survey articles in a wide variety of subareas within number theory. The former present new cutting-edge research that will be of interest to experts in the field, to the benefit of their own research. The survey articles serve as an accessible introduction for graduate students and other readers to areas of number theory that may be outside their area of expertise.