Technology And National Competitiveness

The first part of the collection reassesses and elaborates on Nobel Prize winner Wassily Leontief's input-output model and makes use of Michael V. Posner's technology gap trade theory to examine international trade and import-export factor intensity. The contributors clearly isolate technology as a crucial factor in the foreign commerce of Canada, the US, and other industrial nations. The second part provides the theoretical background, revealing the importance of the industrialized state's ability to affect international trade by implementing technology policy. The third part analyses the role of government strategy in the development of technology in less industrialized nations faced with a fluctuating world economy and rapid technological change. The fourth part re-evaluates Shumpeterian theory, addressing the market determinants of technological change such as market structure, corporate strategy, and the size of corporations. The contributors to this volume are Bernard Bonin, François Chesnais, Lester A. Davis, Christian DeBresson, Giovanni Dosi, Faye Duchin, Philippe Faucher, K.E. Hamilton, Thomas Hatzichronoglou, Lynn Krieger Mytelka, Jorge Niosi, Jacques Perrin, and Luc Soete.

The first volume in a major new series, this book will be an essential read for all those who need to deal with the causes and consequences of rapid technological change in an increasingly globalized world, whether they be government policy-makers, managers of multi-national corporations, commentators on the international scene or specialists in and students of international politics, economics and business studies. The authors discuss three related areas: * How do we think about technology and international relations/international political economy? How does technology relate to competitiveness? How does it inlfuence our culture and how is it influenced by it? * In what sense is technology a fundamental component of national competitive advantage and what ought national, local and corporate policy to be in the light of this? * What is the relationship between technological innovation and global political and economic change? Technology is discussed not just in an instrumental sense - as a tool of power and an object of policy - but equally in a transcendental sense - as a key to shaping and structuring how we understand and interpret reality. The final section of the book presents case studies of three core sectors of the world political economy, finance , aviation and automobiles.

Is the United States in danger of losing its competitive edge in science and technology "S & T"? In response to this concern, the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness asked RAND to convene a meeting, held on November 8, 2006, to review evidence presented by experts from academia, government, and the private sector. The papers presented at the meeting addressed a wide range of issues surrounding the United States' current and future S & T competitiveness, including science policy, the quantitative assessment of S & T capability, globalization, the rise of Asia "particularly China and India", innovation, trade, technology diffusion, the increase in foreign-born S & T students and workers in the United States, new directions in the management and compensation of federal S & T workers, and national security and the defense industry. These papers provide a partial survey of the facts, challenges, and questions posed by the potential erosion of U.S.S & T capability. The importance of S & T to U.S. prosperity and security warrants that policymakers pay careful attention to the various high-level reports issued over the past ve years that warn of pressures on the U.S. lead in S & T. The intellectual point of embarkation for the RAND meeting was the foremost recent such report, Rising Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future, by the National Academy of Sciences.

Continues to provide an excellent coverage on the effects of technological change on economic growth and development. The text retains its international focus, together with a broad coverage of the activities which constitute technological innovation.

World Bank Technical Paper No. 300. Provides an overview of past experiences with the introduction of agricultural technologies in World Bank-funded projects in Mediterranean climates, with an emphasis on the Middle East and North African region. The authors review the adequacy of present crop and livestock technologies, identify technical and socio-economic constraints on their adoption, and describe prospective technologies for pilot testing and full-scale introduction in future Bank-funded projects.

This in-depth investigation examines the effects of multinationals on the competitiveness of industry in the UK. The work analyses how these firms gain access to technology, and questions whether multinationals, in their support of local technologies, improve the potential and competitiveness of local industry.

Technology can contribute to economic growth and productivity increases. Legislative activity over the past 25 or more years has created a policy for technology development. Because of the lack of consensus on the scope and direction of a national policy, Congress has taken an incremental approach aimed at creating new mechanisms to facilitate technological advancement in particular areas and making changes and improvements as necessary. Contents of this report: (1) Technol. and Competitive.; (2) The Fed. Role in Technology Development; (3) Legislative Initiatives and Current Programs: Increased R&D Spending: Industry-Univ. Coop. Efforts; Joint Industrial Research; Commercializing Federally Funded R&D; Different Approach?