Terrorist S Creed

Terrorist's Creed casts a penetrating beam of empathetic understanding into the disturbing and murky psychological world of fanatical violence, explaining how the fanaticism it demands stems from the profoundly human need to imbue existence with meaning and transcendence.

Terrorist's Creed casts a penetrating beam of empathetic understanding into the disturbing and murky psychological world of fanatical violence, explaining how the fanaticism it demands stems from the profoundly human need to imbue existence with meaning and transcendence.

Terrorism - the imposition of, or opposition to, government with the threat or fear of force - is mostly regarded as a modern horror, implemented by bombs, hijackings and assassinations. But the origins of terrorism occur far back in the Middle Ages, when the forefathers of the modern world's most uncompromising terrorists - al-Qaeda and the Palestinian suicide bombers, laid down their murderous creed. In the 11th Century, Europe was a region of feudal kingdoms at war, while the Middle East was much more pluralistic, placing less theological restrictions on the lives of individuals or the pursuit of knowledge. It was against this liberal environment that Pope Urban II launched his own version of a 'jihad' - a holy war against the decadent, unholy Islamic world. The reaction in the Islamic world was one of increasing fury, and we continue to reap its consequences centuries later. Islam would become increasingly militant as Muslim sects that preached intolerance and force gained ground. One such heretical sect was the Nizaris, a mystical order of warriors founded by a Persian named Hassan Bin Sabah, later known in the West as the Assassins. Hassan inspired fanatical loyalty in his followers and Assassin cultists were unafraid of capture and death. According to tales brought back to Europe by Marco Polo in 1295, the Old Man of the Mountains fed his followers with hashish before taking them to a secluded garden where they were indulged with forbidden pleasures - principally, the sexual favours of young women. On returning to normal consciousness, the Assassin was told he had experienced the heavenly garden of Paradise and would spend all eternity there, provided he lived in the service of the cult. Assassin cultists would therefore infiltrate enemy courts and army camps, reputedly remaining incognito for years, ready to commit murder upon their master's signal. It was the birth of strategic terrorism. In modern times the legend of the Assassins carries a more symbolic significance. Some intellectuals have drawn a parallel between Hassan Bin Sabah's maxim, "Nothing is true - everything is permissible", describing the dream-trance of the hashish eater, and the 1950s concept of "brainwashing": the belief in turning soldiers into sleeping assassins. Most chilling, however, is the Islamic fundamentalist belief in martyrdom through assassination. High on nothing but piety the suicide bombers, the followers of Osama Bin Laden, and the September 11th terrorists were promised that which their puritan creed denies them on earth - the sexual favours of "the 72 houris virgins] of heaven", as a reward for he who kills in the name of Allah. This illuminating study analyses the origins and history of terrorism, separating legend from truth to uncover the true roots of the fanatical terrorist acts the world has witnessed in the last decade. This will be essential reading for all historians, and for anyone who, up until now, may have thought that outrageous acts of terrorism causing untold civilian casualties, was a curse of the modern age.

Though the history of terrorism stretches back to the ancient world, today it is often understood as a recent development. Comprehensive enough to serve as a survey for students or newcomers to the field, yet with enough depth to engage the specialist, The Routledge History of Terrorism is the first single-volume authoritative reference text to place terrorism firmly into its historical context. Terrorism is a transnational phenomenon with a convoluted history that defies easy periodization and narrative treatment. Over the course of 32 chapters, experts in the field analyze its historical significance and explore how and why terrorism emerged as a set of distinct strategies, tactics, and mindsets across time and space. Chapters address not only familiar topics such as the Northern Irish Troubles, the Palestine Liberation Organization, international terrorism, and the rise of al-Qaeda, but also lesser-explored issues such as: American racial terrorism state terror and terrorism in the Middle Ages tyrannicide from Ancient Greece and Rome to the seventeenth century the roots of Islamist violence the urban guerrilla, terrorism, and state terror in Latin America literary treatments of terrorism. With an introduction by the editor explaining the book’s rationale and organization, as well as a guide to the definition of terrorism, an historiographical chapter analysing the historical approach to terrorism studies, and an eight-chapter section that explores critical themes in the history of terrorism, this book is essential reading for all those interested in the past, present, and future of terrorism.

The Oxford Handbook of Terrorism systematically integrates the substantial body of scholarship on terrorism and counterterrorism before and after 9/11. In doing so, it introduces scholars and practitioners to state of the art approaches, methods, and issues in studying and teaching these vital phenomena. This Handbook goes further than most existing collections by giving structure and direction to the fast-growing but somewhat disjointed field of terrorism studies. The volume locates terrorism within the wider spectrum of political violence instead of engaging in the widespread tendency towards treating terrorism as an exceptional act. Moreover, the volume makes a case for studying terrorism within its socio-historical context. Finally, the volume addresses the critique that the study of terrorism suffers from lack of theory by reviewing and extending the theoretical insights contributed by several fields - including political science, political economy, history, sociology, anthropology, criminology, law, geography, and psychology. In doing so, the volume showcases the analytical advancements and reflects on the challenges that remain since the emergence of the field in the early 1970s.

This book intends to discuss the ethical questions of counter-terrorism for the military, with an emphasis on its counter-terrorist role in our home countries.

The question of ‘why’ and ‘how’ certain individuals are drawn towards behaving in a way that contravenes the ‘Law of the Land’ is not an easy one to address. Researchers from various different fields have nevertheless attempted to develop theoretical explanations for the existence of different types of crime and why some individuals commit such acts. Crime and Criminality draws on criminology, sociology, psychology and neuroscience to offer a balanced perspective of crime, the criminal and criminality. Coverage includes: a comprehensive discussion of theoretical approaches to criminal behaviour, including biological, social and ‘rational choice’ approaches; an analysis of legal and social definitions of crime and how these definitions influence the way specific behaviours are labelled as criminal; an examination of different types of crime and criminals, from delinquents to ‘psychopaths’ and sex offenders; an exploration of different ways in which crime is predicted, including risk assessment and offender profiling and an overview of investigative techniques. Addressing a broad range of topics and offering a synthesis of competing theoretical explanations of criminality, this book is essential reading for students taking courses in criminology, criminal psychology, criminal behaviour, forensic psychology and psychological criminology.