The Challenge Of Religious Studies

This Element focuses on three challenges of evolution to religion: teleology, human origins, and the evolution of religion itself. First, religious worldviews tend to presuppose a teleological understanding of the origins of living things, but scientists mostly understand evolution as non-teleological. Second, religious and scientific accounts of human origins do not align in a straightforward sense. Third, evolutionary explanations of religion, including religious beliefs and practices, may cast doubt on their justification. We show how these tensions arise and offer potential responses for religion. Individual religions can meet these challenges, if some of their metaphysical assumptions are adapted or abandoned.

From being on the margins of scholarly debate for much of the past century and a half, religion is being recognized once again as an area of concern for scholars, politicians, and public policy makers, and thus, the role of religious and spiritual education has taken on a new importance. Apart from its socio-political ramifications, the place of religiousness and spirituality in the make-up of individuals has been given renewed prominence through updated brain science, and neuroscientists regularly refer to elements of this brain science in terms such as spiritual intelligence and even mystical consciousness. This book explores many of the new directions being taken in the field of religious and spiritual education, as new developments challenge the priorities of formal education, and open up new avenues for incorporating religion and spirituality into the modern curriculum. It asks whether the educational aims of teachers should be focused on specifically personal development, or whether religious education should be used to develop understanding of more global and social issues such as citizenship, conflict, and ethics. The book also addresses neuroscientific insights, which suggest a need to engage with cognition and emotion in order to create a rich learning environment, something to which a particularly contested subject area like religion and spirituality is well-placed to contribute. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Beliefs & Values.

Metaphor and identity. The discursive personality -- Stuck in the middle with you -- A double edged sword -- Anxiety and discourse. Theology and duality -- Mediated deliverance -- Faith. Wheel within a wheel -- Faith as core and structure -- Silence fraught with meaning.

Challenges for Religious Education addresses and critically examines where religious education and faith schools fit within a secular society and whether there is still a place for them at all.

"This book offers a comparative analysis of religious education and state policies towards religious education in seven different countries and in the European Union as a whole. Most of the cases studied have not been presented previously in the English speaking world. The comparative contextualization of the different countries studied here, Muslim majority, Orthodox Christian, Jewish and secular (or laic) is also new. The challenge addressed by the book's different studies, is quite simply if religious education can itself be a vehicle for civic enculturation and the creation of ties of belonging and meaningful solidarity across different ethnic and religious communities in the contemporary world. In many of the countries studied, the state and the program of state-making was associated with one religio-ethnic community and then the question remains if religious education that privileges that religious community can provide such shared terms of meaning for members of different communities. This is the challenge faced by such countries at Bulgaria, Israel, Malaysia and in a slightly different way (facing not religious diversity but ethnic difference), Turkey. The case of Cyprus, by contrast, is one of a country actually split along lines of ethno-religious difference. Additional studies of the connection between religious education and the terms of citizenship in the EU, France and the USA provide important contrasts to the challenges facing us as we seek to educate our citizenry in an age of religious resurgence and global politics"--