The Complete Technology Book On Chemical Industries

In modern age chemical industries have permeated most extensively in comparison with other industries and are progressing at a very rapid pace. Chemical Industry in India is one of the fastest growing industries under the Indian economy. The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. Central to the modern world economy, it converts raw materials into more than 70,000 different products. Chemicals have contributed in various sectors like food industry, fertilizers, perfumery, fragrance and flavour etc. Chemicals are used to make a wide variety of consumer goods, as well as thousands inputs to agriculture, manufacturing, construction, and service industries. There are numerous chemicals produced in chemical industry for example chloroform, caffeine, fertilizers , dyes, drug intermediates, herbicide, inorganic salts, copper sulphate, acetaldehyde etc. The chemical industry itself consumes 26 percent of its own output. The Chemical Industry in India is based on the idea of diversification. For example inorganic chemicals is the sector where the growth rate is near about 9% and the chemicals produced in this sector are mainly used in alkalis, fertilizers, etc. Depending on the product categories the chemical industry is divided in many other sectors like drugs and pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, fine chemicals like dyes and paints etc. The chemical industry in India which generates almost 13% of total national export is growing annually at a growth rate anywhere between 10% and 12%. This book majorly deals with the molecular formula, raw materials, properties, laboratory testing, manufacturing process explained with flow diagrams and uses of the chemicals. The major contents of the book are inorganic salts, inorganic chemicals, industrial gas, fertilizers, alum, caffeine, ceramic chemicals etc. This book covers the production of more than 100 chemicals for example acetanilide, methylamine, butylamine, linalol, phosphorous, salicylic acid etc. This book should be of great value to young chemical engineers and chemists who are just entering the field but those already practicing will find much of interest and use for broadening of their insight in to fields in which they are only marginally informed. It is hoped that this book will aid to young engineers, chemical, civil, mechanical and electrical as well as chemists, in understanding the value of chemical, the type of problems met in their production and method for solving these problems. 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Fine chemicals are the chemicals which are produced in comparatively small quantities and in relatively pure state. In chemical technology, a distinction is made between bulk chemicals, which are produced in massive quantities by standardized reactions, and fine chemicals, which are custom produced in smaller quantities for special uses. There is a very large number of fine chemicals that are produced, and thus the chemistries of producing them need to be flexible, whereas the atom economy is not as critical as for bulk chemicals. Some of the examples of fine chemicals are acetazolamide, albendazole, amitriptyline, azithromycin, benzothiazide, captopril, carbamazepine, chloroquine, etc. Owing to the small volume and often changing chemistry, fine chemicals production is more expensive, generates more waste and requires a higher research investment per kilogram. However, fine chemicals are produced in industrial quantities unlike research chemicals, which are produced only in the laboratory. Fine chemicals correspond to a distinct segment of the chemical industry, including low tonnage molecules (typically 10 to 20 Kt.). Pharmaceutical and Biological products, perfumes, photographic chemicals and electronic grade reagents are examples of fine chemicals. High purity reagents (99.999999% pure) are also classified as fine chemicals. Globally, the fine chemicals industry continues to be very fragmented in spite of some consolidation, partly due to the limited impact of economy of scale on the business. While, fine chemicals do offer limited albeit real opportunities for product differentiation, in contrast to commodity chemicals, they are unlike specialities. While, fine chemicals do offer limited albeit real opportunities for product differentiation, in contrast to commodity chemicals, they are unlike specialities, which offer much larger scope for standing out due to an enhanced contribution of technical services and application know how. This book is a comprehensive reference on one of the most exciting and challenging segments of the modern chemical industry, and a practical guide for developing and succeeding in the multibillion fine chemicals business. Some fundamentals of this book are synonyms, molecular formula and other properties of fine chemicals like albendazole, amitriptyline, azithromycin, benzothiazide, captopril, carbamazepine, chloroquine, etc. This book is an invaluable resource for technologists, professionals and those who want to venture in this field.

A natural or synthetic substance used to add a color or to change the color of something. Dyes are the coloring material that color commodities of our day to day use. Dyes are applied everywhere, from Plastic toys for children to that fabrics you wear, from food to wood; hardly there is any industry where dyes are not used commercially. A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. It is an ionising and aromatic organic compounds. The dye is generally applied in an aqueous solution, and may require a mordant to improve the fastness of the dye on the fiber.Apart from this, Dye Intermediates also serve as an important raw materials for the Acid, Reactive and Direct Dyes. Increase in demand for dye intermediates in textile and extensive use of dye intermediates are some factors driving the dye intermediates market. This is prompting companies to increase production of dye intermediates. Additionally, easy availability of raw materials is anticipated to boost the demand for dye intermediates in the near future. The global dye intermediates market is witnessing technological advancements. Companies are constantly striving to develop new and better ways to manufacture dye intermediates. Development of new manufacturing processes of dye intermediates and applications is estimated to propel the dye intermediates market. However, volatility in prices of raw material is projected to inhibit the market. The major contents of the Book are Azo Dyes, Reactive Dyes, Anthraquinone Dyes, Acid Dyes, Basic Dyes, Sulfur Dyes, Cyanine Dyes, Sensitizing Dyes, Dye Intermediates, BIS Specifications, Photographs of Machinery With Suppliers Contact Detail, Plant Layout and Process Flow Chart & Diagram. A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of today’s Dyes & Dye Intermediates industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of Dyes & Dye Intermediates industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on Dyes & Dye Intermediates. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment.

Agrochemicals are chemical agents that are applied to fields to boost the nutrient content of the soil or crops. Herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides are among them, as are synthetic fertilizers, hormones, and soil conditioners. They boost agricultural growth by eradicating pests that wreak havoc. They are used in horticulture, dairy farming, poultry farming, crop shifting, commercial planting, and other farming industries. A pesticide is any substance that is used to kill, repel, or control pests in plants or animals. Insecticides are chemicals that are used to keep insects under control by killing them or stopping them from engaging in undesired or damaging behaviour. Their structure and mode of action are used to classify them. Fungicides are pesticides that kill or prevent fungus and their spores from growing. They can be used to manage plant-damaging fungi such as rusts, mildews, and blights. They could also be used to keep moulds and mildew at bay in other places. Herbicides are chemicals that are used to control or manage unwanted vegetation. Herbicides are most commonly used in row-crop farming, where they are treated before or during planting to increase crop productivity while reducing other vegetation. The global agrochemicals market estimated size is CAGR of 3.4%. Increasing demand for food supply due to the rapid growth in the human population has triggered agricultural intensification. Agrochemicals are widely employed in agriculture to meet rising food demands, bridging the gap between food supply and consumption. Concurrently imbalanced use of agrochemicals, on the other hand, degrades the environment and poses serious threats to aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Chemical agents used in agricultural lands to increase nutrient shortage in the field or crop are known as agrochemicals. They also help to boost crop development by destroying hazardous insects. Agrochemicals increase the quantity and quality of agricultural goods. These are utilized in horticulture, dairy farming, cattle, grain farming, shifting cultivation, commercial plantation, and many other agricultural fields. The book covers a wide range of topics connected to Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides, as well as their manufacturing processes. It also includes contact information for machinery suppliers, as well as images of equipments. A complete guide on Agrochemical Products manufacture and entrepreneurship. This book serves as a one-stop shop for everything you need to know about the Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides and Herbicides manufacturing industry, which is ripe with opportunity for manufacturers, merchants, and entrepreneurs. This is the only book that covers Agrochemical in depth. From concept through equipment procurement, it is a veritable feast of how-to information.

Asbestos is the generic term for a group of naturally occurring fibrous minerals with high tensile strength, flexibility, and resistance to thermal, chemical and electrical conditions. Asbestos fibers are of high-tensile strength, flexible, heat and chemical resistance, and good frictional properties. Cement is the most essential raw material in any kind of construction activity. Ceramics also known as fire clay is an inorganic, non-metallic solid article, which is produced by the art or technique of heat and subsequent cooling. Limestone is a sedimentary rock, mainly composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is the principal source of crushed stone for construction, transportation, agriculture, and industrial uses. Emerging applications in commercial sectors such as asbestos, cement and ceramic are poised to fuel demand in the coming years. Growing demand for limestone in the production of cement as well as in several other chemicals that are used in the production of high-value every-day products offers significant opportunities for growth. Global Limestone consumption is projected to reach 5.7 billion tons and expected to grow at an average annual rate of 4–5% in coming years. Presently, cement production is 330 million tonnes and expected to double to reach almost 550 million tonnes in future. The major contents of the book are asbestos, monitoring and identification of air-borne asbestos, asbestos in industrial applications, asbestos – cement products, non – occupational asbestos emissions and exposures, cements, mortars and concrete, raw materials, additives and fuels for cement, processes of manufacturing of cement, cement based on natural and artificial pozzolanas, fast-setting cements, special portland cements, packing of cement, storages of cement, ceramics, lime & limestone, glass & glass ceramics etc. It describes the manufacturing processes and photographs of plant & machinery with supplier’s contact details. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of these industries.

Soap is the traditional washing compound made from oil fats and caustic alkali. It is an item of daily necessity as cleaning agent. There are few specialty soaps like the washing soaps, castile soaps, sandal soap, specially flavored soaps, medicated soaps, toilet soaps and baby soaps. Population growth, especially households with children has a proportional impact on the growth of the manufacturing sector of the industry. The soap industry is vivacious, varied, creative and tricky, and has the prospective to provide a gratifying career. With increasing popularity there has been increase in potential competitors but it still has the opportunity of further exploitation. Today with increase in disposable incomes all around the world, demand for these products expected to increase because consumers are moving up towards premium products. With increasing awareness of hygienic standards, the market for the Soap is growing at a rate higher than 8% annually. People have become more creative in trying to find new ways in which they can make soap either for domestic use or commercial purposes. This book will provide all the basic facts and information you need to get started. You will be able to slowly build your way up to completely master the art of soap making. The book contains processes formulae, Photographs of Plant & Machinery with Supplier’s Contact Details, Addresses of Raw Material Suppliers and providing information regarding manufacturing method of different washing and toilet soaps. Some of the fundamentals of the book are raw material oil and fats, fatty acids, manufacture of soap products, technology of soap manufacturing, various formulations of soaps, soap perfumery, management of soap factories, analytical methods. This book will be a mile stone for its readers who are new to this sector, will also find useful for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area.

Advantage of vermicomposting is that it composts the wastes of rural areas. They clean our villages by using unnecessary organic and non-organic materials. Improves the texture of the soil and its ability to store water. Improves root growth and the multiplication of beneficial soil microorganisms by providing optimum aeration to the soil. Vermicompost (vermi-compost) is a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast created by the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms. This is known as vermicomposting, and the practise of raising worms for this purpose is known as vermiculture. Sewage treatment can also be done with vermicomposting. The Global Vermicompost Market is reach growing at a CAGR of 16.74%. The Growth of the global vermicompost market is caused by various factors, such as improved soil aeration, improved water holding capacity, better nutrient cycle, and enriched soil with micro-organism, helps in plant root growth and structure, enhanced germination. The vermicomposting method is used in organic farming. Increasing the use of sustainable agricultural practices, such as vermicomposting along with Government support for organic farming is significantly contributing to the global vermicompost market growth. Vermicompost offers plants with necessary nutrients and helps in plant diseases suppression. Worm castings often comprise 7 times more phosphorus, 11 times more potassium, and 5 times more nitrogen than ordinary soil, which are crucial minerals required for plant growth. Vermiculture and Vermicompost (Earthworm), as well as their manufacturing methods, are all covered in depth in this book. It also offers photos of equipment as well as contact information for industrial providers. This book is a one-stop shop for everything you need to know about the Vermiculture and Vermicompost (Earthworm) industry, which is ripe for manufacturers, merchants, and entrepreneurs. This is the only book that goes into great detail about Vermiculture and Vermicompost. It's a genuine feast of how-to material, from concept to equipment buying.

Textile industry is one of the few basic industries, which is characterised as a necessary component of human life. One may classify it as a more glamorous industry, but whatever it is, it provides with the basic requirement called clothes. Spinning is the process of converting cotton or manmade fibre into yarn to be used for weaving and knitting. Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. Finishing refers to the processes that convert the woven or knitted cloth into a usable material. Printing is the process of applying colour to fabric in definite patterns or designs. The textile industry occupies an important position in the total volume of merchandise trade across countries. Developing countries account for little over two-third of world exports in textiles and clothing. It is the second largest employer after agriculture, providing employment to over 45 million people directly and 60 million people indirectly. The future for the textile industry looks promising, buoyed by both strong domestic consumption as well as export demand. This book is based on the latest technology involved in textile industry, which describes the processes available at the spinning and fabric forming stages coupled with the complexities of the finishing and colouration processes to the production of wide ranges of products. The major contents of the book are dyeing of textile materials, principles of spinning, process preparatory to spinning, principles of weaving, textile chemicals, yarn preparation, weaving and woven fabrics, knitting and knit fabrics, nonconventional fabrics, cellulosics, mixed fibers, printing compositions, printing processes, transfer dyes, transfer inks etc. It describes the manufacturing processes and photographs of plant & machinery with supplier’s contact details. It will be a standard reference book for professionals, entrepreneurs, textile mill owners, those studying and researching in this important area and others interested in the field of textile industry.