The Economics Of Money And Financial Markets In New Zealand

Seminar paper from the year 2000 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,7 (A-), UNITEC New Zealand (Business Studies), language: English, abstract: It is an aim of a financial market to provide a source of finance to particular target groups. This section deals largely with the financial instruments used by the market participants to raise funds, how these instruments are issued and how they are traded. The participants in the money and bond market are investors and borrowers. To highlight financial instruments from the borrowers′ point of view it makes sense to divide the group of borrowers in two distinct categories: The `Crown′ market consists of the Reserve Bank and the central government whereas the borrowers in the `Non-Crown′ market are financial intermediaries such as banks, corporations, state owned enterprises, local authorities, etc. as you can see in the table above. (Potter, 2000 [A]; Potter, 2000 [B]) The financial instruments in these two markets will be analysed separately in the sections to come: The `Crown′ market consists of the Reserve Bank and the central government whereas the borrowers in the `Non-Crown′ market are financial intermediaries such as banks, corporations, state owned enterprises, local authorities, etc. as you can see in the table above. (Potter, 2000 [A]; Potter, 2000 [B]) The financial instruments in these two markets will be analysed separately in the sections to come:

Seminar paper from the year 2000 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,7 (A-), UNITEC New Zealand (Business Studies), 3 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Risk in financial markets becomes a major issue regarding financial transactions between parties in the market. "Risk in finance relates to the uncertainty of both the amount and timing of the future cash flows of a business or project". (Anonymous, no year) It occurs when financial decisions have to be made with an amount of uncertainty about the pay-off of the financial transaction. This is because of insufficient knowledge about the other party involved in the transaction, which is called incomplete or asymmetric information. This lack of information makes it difficult to decide accurately and creates a problem on two fronts, before and after the transaction. (Mishkin, 2001, p. 34-35, 187)

This study of the Reserve Bank of New Zealand reveals why the Bank's presence in the national life is strong; illustrates how it is internationally renowned for its mandate to eliminate inflation, having been the first reserve or central bank in the world to adopt the "inflation targeting" approach to monetary policy; and looks at how the Bank maintains the integrity of the currency, preserves the stability of the financial system, and undertakes a range of activities on behalf of the people of New Zealand.

This paper presents an assessment of the stability of the financial system in New Zealand. Imbalances in the housing market, banks’ concentrated exposures to the dairy sector, and their high reliance on wholesale offshore funding are the key macro-financial vulnerabilities. The banking sector has significant exposure to real estate and agriculture, is relatively dependent on foreign funding, and is dominated by four Australian subsidiaries. A sharp decline in the real estate market, a reversal of the recent recovery in dairy prices, deterioration in global economic conditions, and tightening in financial markets would adversely impact the system. Despite these vulnerabilities, the banking system is resilient to severe shocks. Strengthening the macroprudential framework is important.

The regulatory and oversight framework for Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) in New Zealand is undergoing a major reform. The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) and the Financial Markets Authority (FMA) currently lack sufficient legal powers to identify and address risks building up in FMIs, partly because the regime is voluntary and the authorities do not have the appropriate toolkit to pursue their oversight objectives. This may give rise to negative externalities as the interests of members and shareholders of FMIs are not necessarily aligned with public interest objectives. Recognizing the shortcomings of the current regime, the authorities are proposing to develop a new regime. These reforms have been consulted on with industry during recent years.

Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets heralded a dramatic shift in the teaching of the money and banking course in its first edition, and today it is still setting the standard. By applying an analytical framework to the patient, stepped-out development of models, Frederic Mishkin draws students into a deeper understanding of modern monetary theory, banking, and policy. His landmark combination of common sense applications with current, real-world events provides authoritative, comprehensive coverage in an informal tone students appreciate.