The English Irish Conflict

Essay from the year 2003 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2, University of Flensburg (English Department), course: British Studies, language: English, abstract: „Geography gives us our neighbours, but history gives us our enemies.“ This is an Irish saying which describes the love-hate relationship between Ireland and England in a few words. Though England is Ireland’s closest neighbour neither side has ever tried to understand the other one. Irish people make a difference between England, Scotland and Wales. While the Scots and Welsh are seen as a part of the Celtic family the English are the traditional enemy. Still today many Irish feel angry about the way they were treated by the English and about the English attitude towards Ireland these days. There is still a certain degree of racial prejudice since many English people don’t know a lot about Ireland’s history and the English-Irish conflict. However, you cannot really talk of hate between the two countries. The people get on quite well with each other as long as it doesn’t come to politics. The ending of the violence in Northern Ireland gives strong hope that economic, political and social relations between Ireland and England will improve a lot in the near future.

This book offers a uniquely comprehensive account of the conflict in Northern Ireland, providing a rigorous analysis of its dynamics and present structure and proposing a new approach to its resolution. It deals with historical process, communal relations, ideology, politics, economics and culture and with the wider British, Irish and international contexts. It reveals at once the enormous complexity of the conflict and shows how it is generated by a particular system of relationships which can be precisely and clearly described. The book proposes an emancipatory approach to the resolution of the conflict, conceived as the dismantling of this system of relationships. Although radical, this approach is already implicit in the converging understandings of the British and Irish governments of the causes of conflict. The authors argue that only much more determined pursuit of an emancipatory approach will allow an agreed political settlement to emerge.

From the Plantation of Ulster in the seventeenth century to the entry into peace talks in the late twentieth century the Northern Irish people have been engaged in conflict - Catholic against Protestant, Republican against Unionist. The traumas of violence in the Northern Ireland Troubles have cast a long shadow. For many years, this appeared to be an intractable conflict with no pathway out. Mass mobilisations of people and dramatic political crises punctuated a seemingly endless succession of bloodshed. When in the 1990s and early 21st century, peace was painfully built, it brought together unlikely rivals, making Northern Ireland a model for conflict resolution internationally. But disagreement about the future of the province remains, and for the first time in decades one can now seriously speak of a democratic end to the Union between Northern Ireland and Great Britain as a foreseeable possibility. The Northern Ireland problem remains a fundamental issue as the United Kingdom recasts its relationship with Europe and the world. In this completely revised edition of his Very Short Introduction Marc Mulholland explores the pivotal moments in Northern Irish history - the rise of republicanism in the 1800s, Home Rule and the civil rights movement, the growth of Sinn Fein and the provisional IRA, and the DUP, before bringing the story up to date, drawing on newly available memoirs by paramilitary militants to offer previously unexplored perspectives, as well as recent work on Nothern Irish gender relations. Mulholland also includes a new chapter on the state of affairs in 21st Century Northern Ireland, considering the question of Irish unity in the light of both Brexit and the approaching anniversary of the 1921 partition, and drawing new lessons for the future. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

Military veteran and historian Geraghty draws on public and covert sources to reveal the sinister patterns of action and reaction in the hidden conflict in Northern Ireland between the IRA and British Intelligence in the late 1960s. 28 photos.

The historian A. T. Q. Stewart once remarked that in Ireland all history is applied history—that is, the study of the past prosecutes political conflict by other means. Indeed, nearly twenty years after the 1998 Belfast Agreement, "dealing with the past" remains near the top of the political agenda in Northern Ireland. The essays in this volume, by leading experts in the fields of Irish and British history, politics, and international studies, explore the ways in which competing "social" or "collective memories" of the Northern Ireland "Troubles" continue to shape the post-conflict political landscape. The contributors to this volume embrace a diversity of perspectives: the Provisional Republican version of events, as well as that of its Official Republican rival; Loyalist understandings of the recent past as well as the British Army's authorized for-the-record account; the importance of commemoration and memorialization to Irish Republican culture; and the individual memory of one of the noncombatants swept up in the conflict. Tightly specific, sharply focused, and rich in local detail, these essays make a significant contribution to the burgeoning literature of history and memory. The book will interest students and scholars of Irish studies, contemporary British history, memory studies, conflict resolution, and political science. Contributors: Jim Smyth, Ian McBride, Ruan O’Donnell, Aaron Edwards, James W. McAuley, Margaret O’Callaghan, John Mulqueen, and Cathal Goan.

"The Anglo-Irish War has often been referred to as the war 'the English have struggled to forget and the Irish cannot help but remember'. Before 1919, the issue of Irish Home Rule lurked beneath the surface of Anglo-Irish relations for many years, but after the Great War, tensions rose up and boiled over. Irish Nationalists in the shape of Sinn Fǐn and the IRA took political power in 1919 with a manifesto to claim Ireland back from an English 'foreign' government by whatever means necessary. This book explores the conflict and the years that preceded it, examining such historic events as the Easter Rising and the infamous Bloody Sunday."--Bloomsbury Publishing.

The Troubles claimed the lives of almost four thousand people in Northern Ireland, most of them civilians; forty-five thousand were injured in bombings and shootings. Relative to population size this was the most intense conflict experienced in Western Europe since the end of the Second World War. The central question posed in this book is fundamental, yet it is one that has rarely been asked: Who was primarily responsible for the prosecution of the Troubles and their attendant toll of the dead, the injured, and the emotionally traumatized? Liam Kennedy, who lived in Belfast throughout most of the conflict, was long afraid to raise the question and its implications. After years of reflection and research on the matter he has brought together elements of history, politics, sociology, and social psychology to identify the collective actors who drove the conflict onwards for more than three decades, from the days of the civil rights movement in the late 1960s to the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998. The Troubles in Northern Ireland are a world-class problem in miniature. The combustible mix of national, ethnic, and sectarian passions that went into the making of the conflict has its parallels today in other parts of the world. Who Was Responsible for the Troubles? is an original and controversial work that captures the terror and the pain but also the hope of life and the pursuit of happiness in a deeply divided society.

This volume reflects an evolving situation in the North of Ireland where fiction has overtaken poetry and drama as the most significant and vital literary form. Through an analysis of representative texts, Kennedy-Andrews explores fiction from or about the North from the outbreak of the Troubles in 1969 to the present day. The bulk of the study covers recent fiction by new young writers born in the 1960s that grew up during the Troubles. To what extent can this new writing be seen to penetrate new literary terrain through versions of a pluralistic postmodern humanism? To what extent does the new writing inaugurate new mappings of identity and culture beyond the simple binaries of Protestant and Catholic, Nationalist and Unionist, thereby suggesting new possibilities for the future? To what extent does it cross other borders to present a transnational vision informed by the rest of Ireland, Britain, Europe, and America? The study concludes by considering some of the questions raised by women's writing of the Troubles. The volume contains detailed assessments of such writers as: Tom Clancy, Jack Higgins, Gerald Seymour, Terence De Vere White, Eugene McCabe, Brian Moore, Maurice Leitch, Bernard McLaverty, Glenn Patterson, Robert MacLiam Wilson, Dermot Healy, Briege Duffaud, Deirdre Madden, David Park, Colin Bateman, Lionel Shriver, Danny Morrison, Ronan Bennett, Seamus Deane, Edna O'Brien, Mary Beckett, Kate O'Riordan and Mary Costello.