The Figure Of Adam In Romans 5 And 1 Corinthians 15

It is widely recognized that in some of his letters, Paul develops a Christology based on a comparison between Adam and Christ, and that this Christology has antecedents in Jewish interpretation of Genesis 1-4. Felipe Legarreta gives careful attention to patterns of exegesis in Second-Temple Judaism and identifies, for the first time, a number of motifs by which Jews drew ethical implications from the story of Adam and his expulsion from Eden. He then demonstrates that throughout the "Christological" passages in Romans and 1 Corinthians, Paul is taking part in a wider Jewish exegetical and ethical discussion regarding life in the new creation.

"Was Paul's view of evil based on Adam's fall or a mere reflex of Christology? Tyler A. Stewart argues that, in Galatians, Paul's thoughts about where evil comes from and why it continues are not based on Adam's fall as the background story, but rather the rebellion of angels."--Page 4 of printed paper wrapper.

The 'Dictionary of Paul and his letters' is a one-of-a-kind reference work. Following the format of its highly successful companion volume, the 'Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels', this Dictionary is designed to bring students, teachers, ministers and laypeople abreast of the established conclusions and significant recent developments in Pauline scholarship. No other single reference work presents as much information focused exclusively on Pauline theology, literature, background and scholarship. In a field that recently has undergone significant shifts in perspective, the 'Dictionary of Paul and His Letters' offers a summa of Paul and Pauline studies. In-depth articles focus on individual theological themes (such as law, resurrection and Son of God), broad theological topics (such as Christology, eschatology and the death of Christ), methods of interpretation (such as rhetorical criticism and social-scientific approaches), background topics (such as apocalypticism, Hellenism and Qumran) and various other subjects specifically related to the scholarly study of Pauline theology and literature (such as early catholicism, the centre of Paul's theology, and Paul and his interpreters since F. C. Baur). Separate articles are also devoted to each of the Pauline letters, to hermeneutics and to preaching Paul today. The 'Dictionary of Paul and His Letters' takes its place alongside the 'Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels' in presenting the fruit of evangelical New Testament scholarship at the end of the twentieth century - committed to the authority of Scripture, utilising the best of critical methods, and maintaining dialogue with contemporary scholarship and challenges facing the church.

20ths century research in St. Paul is widely impacted by Adolf Deissmann's prominent view on the apostle as a "homo novus" (1911). But where does this concept originate from, and what does it imply? This collection of articles does not only re-evaluate Deissmann's concept by tracing it back to its historical and socio-political origins in Cicero and exploring how authors from (early) Imperial Time perceive and transform the homo novus paradigm by diverse modes and strategies of literary self-fashioning. Scholars ranging the fields of New Testament Studies, Greek and Latin Philology, Ancient History, Patristics, and Comparative Literature also examine how the Ciceronian paradigm was early on transformed, disseminated, and applied as a literary concept and an authorial topos of self-molding. One of the leading questions throughout the volume thus is: How do authors like Cicero, Horace, Paul, Tacitus, Seneca, Athanasius, and Augustine fashion themselves in accordance to or in difference from the idea of being a "new man"? It is argued that by means of literary self-configuration, indeed, some of these writers – such as Paul and Augustine – want to appear as "new men" by either altering traditional social, moral, religious, or political roles, or by creating new patterns of social behavior and religious self-understanding.

This book is the first major study to investigate Jesus’ resurrection using a memory approach. It develops the logic for and the methodology of a memory approach, including that there were about two decades between the events surrounding Jesus’ resurrection and the recording of those events in First Corinthians. The memory of those events was frequently rehearsed, perhaps weekly. The transmission of the oral tradition occurred in various ways, including the overlooked fourth model—“formal uncontrolled.” Consideration is given to an examination of the philosophy and psychology of memory (including past and new research on (1) the constructive nature of memory, (2) social memory, (3) transience, (4) memory distortion, (5) false memories, (6) the social contagion of memory, and (7) flashbulb memory). In addition, this is the first New Testament study to consider the insights for a memory approach from the philosophical considerations of (1) forgetting and (2) the theories of remembering and from the psychological studies on (1) memory conformity, (2) memory and age, and (3) the effects of health on memory. It is argued that Paul remembers Jesus as having been resurrected with a transformed physical body. Furthermore, the centrality of Jesus’ resurrection in Paul’s theology suggests it was a deeply embedded memory of primary importance to the social identity of the early Christian communities. New Testament scholars and students will want to take note of how this work advances the discussion in historical Jesus studies. The broader Christian audience will also find the apologetic implications of interest.

When scholars have set Jesus against various conceptions of the "messiah" and other reemptive figures in early Jewish expectation, those questions have been bound up with the problem of violence, whether the political violence of a militant messiah or the divine violence carried out by a heavenly or angelic figure. Simon J. Joseph enters the wide-ranging discussion of violence in the Bible, taking up questions of Jesus of Nazareth's relationship to the violence of revolutionary militancy and apocalyptic fantasy alike, and proposes an innovative new approach. Missing from past discussions, Joseph contends, is the unique conception of an Adamic redeemer figure in the Enochic material--a conception that informed the Q tradition and, he argues, Jesus' own self-understanding.

In Freedom under the Word, top-tier scholars offer critical engagements with Karl Barth's exegesis of Christian Scripture and explore its implications for contemporary hermeneutics and biblical interpretation. Focusing on rare texts from the Barth corpus, the book considers the legacy and potential of Barth's theology by presenting a wide-ranging engagement with and assessment of Barth's theological exegesis. It covers Barth's career chronologically, providing insight into his theological development as it relates to Scripture. Contributors include John Webster, Francis Watson, Wesley Hill, Stephen Fowl, Paul Nimmo, and Grant Macaskill.

“The Battle of the Sexes” explores how the Word of God (YHWH), both the Old Testament and the New Testament, has been twisted to support a narrative that is not in the Scriptures. Traditional translations and teachings of the Bible have either presumed or assumed that men are given power and dominion over women. But nowhere in the Bible is this statement made, not even in Genesis (Bereishis) 3:16, “And your husband will rule over you,” which is not spoken as an imperative but rather as a prophecy. The original Hebrew language of the first five books of Moses, also known as the Torah (Old Testament), tells a very different story of the primal couple. A story that is contrary to what is often taught in all religions that use the Word of YHWH as their foundation – namely, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. With an abbreviated overview of human history as told from YHWH’s point of view, we discover a connection of how all cultures have come to share similar myths, legends and stories with the Torah. And how these ancient archetypes of good and evil have been misused to support a psychological and socio-political advantage of men over women. Likewise, a brief foray into the unique Hebrew language, the ancient language in which YHWH created our world, and dictated the Torah to Moses provides proof that the Word of God is indeed communication from another dimension. Like a massive encrypted message, the Torah includes multiple levels of God-given “fences” that protect the Word of God from man’s distorted perspective. The Hebrew language itself provides the most significant “fence.” Like no other language each Hebrew word defines itself by the letters that make up the word. This is only one feature of the holy text that assures that the instructions of YHWH remain intact, regardless of man’s interpretations. “The Battle of the Sexes” is an examination, from a fresh viewpoint, into the issues that arise between the genders, which stem from the original disobedience of God’s one instruction by the primal couple in the Garden of Eden (Gan Eden). We see a more complete perspective of who did what in the initial defiance, and how we continue to struggle in the female/male relationship with those very same issues first raised in Gan Eden. Moreover, with clarity, the Hebrew language reveals a much greater significance of the female to the human experience than is typically taught in any religion. Exposed in her Hebrew name (which is not usually translated properly) is her irrefutable role in God’s plan of salvation for the human race. God did not make women subservient to men, and YHWH did not give men or women dominion over anything but the animals, and the earth to utilize as God intends. Humanity is to work together, not to manipulate or fight to assume power over one another. Nowhere is this idea more consequential than in the marriage relationship. Being the preeminent human relationship, YHWH presents marriage as the foundation for all other human relationships, from Bereishis, the beginning creation of our world, and the human creature. Undergirding the arrogant, impudent presumption that men are to rule over women is the equally destructive fallacy that God is masculine. The Battle of the Sexes explores how from the initial verses and chapters of the first book of Torah, the book of Genesis, we begin to understand how, as the Jewish Sages say, with the change of one letter the world is destroyed. With the misinterpretation and misunderstanding of one Hebrew word, "adam," our modern grasp of the essence of YHWH and the female/male relationship, as described in Torah, has been distorted, and all but destroyed. The Battle of the Sexes is sure to, not only answer, but raise many questions regarding the female/male relationship as well as humanities' relationship with God.