The Green Market Transition

The Paris Agreement’s key objective is the strengthening of the global response to climate change by transitioning the world to an increasingly green economy. In this book, environmental tax and climate law experts examine carbon taxes energy subsidies, and support schemes for carbon and energy policies. Chapters reflect on the underlying policy dynamics and the constraints of various fiscal measures, and consider the harmonisation of smart instrument mixes.

This report describes the development of the green bond market as an innovative instrument for green finance, and provides a review of policy actions and options to promote further market development and growth. Since 2007-08, so-called “green bonds” have emerged and the market has risen from ...

Parallel economies and their currencies Parallel economies (with their currencies) have flourished in the past and still exist today. Their underlying principles and advantages have often been overlooked by economists, despite their potential to foster pivotal changes. This last statement makes it meaningful to draw insights from historical and actual instances of such economies. to reduce inequalities... and contain global warming In continuation, could an innovative parallel economy fit into the modern society? As the middle class is complaining about inequalities and rejects the costly fight against global warming, could a parallel economy help the underprivileged, alleviate the cost of decarbonization, and win over a sufficient majority? Could the last chapter with its Green-Market System work? To be successful, such a System must create jobs with good wages... and convincingly cut down CO2 emissions. Would this System be too good to be true?

Climate change and inequalities The intertwined challenge of climate change and social inequality is hitting a brick wall on the reality that resolute governmental intervention could destabilize the economy and inevitably radicalize elections in favor of authoritarian leaders. The stalemate is increasingly fracturing public opinion about regulation priorities in regards to taxation, subsidies, energy standards, carbon-taxing, minimum wages or protectionism. None has yet yielded results sufficient to prevent discontent or polarization of politics. Thinking outside of the box of tax-and-regulate It prompts one question: could it be time to consider an unconventional strategy lying in the underexplored realm of the underground economy and its alternative currencies? As it stands, jobs and tax-free transactions already happen outside the regular system. Could it inspire a way for creating green jobs with good wages and untaxing clean energy?

Skills are vital for building resilient economies and societies. By helping individuals develop a diverse range of skills and empowering them to apply these skills effectively, skills policies play a crucial role in responding to emerging threats, such as environmental degradation and harmful applications of technologies used to collect, generate, and exchange information. This edition of the Skills Outlook highlights the importance of supporting individuals in acquiring a wide range of skills, at varying levels of proficiency, to promote economic and social resilience. Additionally, the report acknowledges the role of attitudes and dispositions in enabling skills development and effective skills use. It also emphasises the need for policy makers to monitor the costs associated with policies aimed at promoting the green and digital transition, and how the transition affects inequalities. Training opportunities that respond to emerging labour market needs and efforts to facilitate their uptake can promote a just and inclusive green and digital transition. In turn, education systems that equip young people not only with skills but attitudes to manage change can ensure that the green and digital transition is sustainable in the longer term.

The green transition is the way to a sustainable and fair planet, and necessary to secure supply chains, deliver predictable prices, and ensure access to raw materials despite resource scarcity through sustainable production and consumption. This book provides broad, essential insights into the main elements of the green transition, circular economy, and sustainability. Sustainability and the green transition will mean new market conditions for businesses. Companies will be subject to new legislation at the corporate and product level alike. They will need to meet new requirements, e.g., having to provide a tremendous amount of new non-financial ESG data to deliver transparency and traceability in the value chains of products and businesses. The book aims to close the gaps between science, society, and business. To do so, it describes the complexity of sustainability and the need for a holistic approach. In addition, it provides solutions, tools and methods to transform today’s linear economy, make businesses ready for the future, and create a society that no longer pushes the planet beyond its limits.

Available online: https://pub.norden.org/nord2021-044/ This study performed by the think tank Mandag Morgen and funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers examines the digital green transition in the Nordic-Baltic region. The study consists of three main parts. The first part maps the current policy initiatives relating to the digital green transition in the countries. The second part analyses positions of strength within the Nordic-Baltic region in relation to the EU and the world. The third part presents 10 recommendations for policy initiatives to accelerate the digital green transition in the Nordic-Baltic countries.

What are the implications of the needed climate transition for the potential reallocation of the U.S. labor force? This paper dissects green and polluting jobs in the United States across local labor markets, industries and at the household-level. We find that geography alone is not a major impediment, but green jobs tend to be systematically different than those that are either neutral or in carbon-emitting industries. Transitioning out of pollution-intensive jobs into green jobs may thus pose some challenges. However, there is a wage premium for green-intensive jobs which should encourage such transitions. To gain further insights into the impending green transition, this paper also studies the impact of the Clean Air Act. We find that the imposition of the Act caused workers to shift from pollution-intensive to greener industries, but overall employment was not affected.