The History Of Islamic Theology From Muhammad To The Present

This work presents Muslim beliefs about God's relationship to humans by drawing on relevant Islamic sources. In connection with the social and political history of Islam, the reader is introduced to the ideas and concepts of Islamic theologians.

Within the field of Islamic Studies, scientific research of Muslim theology is a comparatively young discipline. Much progress has been achieved over the past decades with respect both to discoveries of new materials and to scholarly approaches to the field. The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology provides a comprehensive and authoritative survey of the current state of the field. It provides a variegated picture of the state of the art and at the same time suggests new directions for future research. Part One covers the various strands of Islamic theology during the formative and early middle periods, rational as well as scripturalist. To demonstrate the continuous interaction among the various theological strands and its repercussions (during the formative and early middle period and beyond), Part Two offers a number of case studies. These focus on specific theological issues that have developed through the dilemmatic and often polemical interactions between the different theological schools and thinkers. Part Three covers Islamic theology during the later middle and early modern periods. One of the characteristics of this period is the growing amalgamation of theology with philosophy (Peripatetic and Illuminationist) and mysticism. Part Four addresses the impact of political and social developments on theology through a number of case studies: the famous mi?na instituted by al-Ma'mun (r. 189/813-218/833) as well as the mihna to which Ibn 'Aqil (d. 769/1367) was subjected; the religious policy of the Almohads; as well as the shifting interpretations throughout history (particularly during Mamluk and Ottoman times) of the relation between Ash'arism and Maturidism that were often motivated by political motives. Part Five considers Islamic theological thought from the end of the early modern and during the modern period.

Events are making clear to ever-widening circles of readers the need for something more than a superficial knowledge of non-European cultures. In particular, the blossoming into independence of numerous African states, many of which are largely Muslim or have a Muslim head of state, has made clear the growing political importance of the Islamic world, and, as a result, the desirability of extending and deepening the understanding and appreciation of this great segment of mankind. Islamic philosophy and theology are looked at together in a chronological framework in this volume. From a modern standpoint, this juxtaposition of the two disciplines is important for the understanding of both; but it should be realized at the outset that it is a reversal of the traditional Islamic procedure. Not merely were the disciplines different, but in the earlier centuries the exponents were two different sets of persons, trained in two different educational traditions, each with its own separate institutions. There was little personal contact between philosophers and theologians, and the influence of the two disciplines on one another was largely by way of polemics. Eventually while philosophy died out as a separate discipline in the Islamic world, many parts of it were incorporated in theology. This work is designed to give the educated reader something more than can be found in the usual popular books. The work undertakes to survey a special part of the field, and to show the present stage of scholarship. Where there is a clear picture this will be given; but where there are gaps, obscurities and differences of opinion, these will also be indicated. This work is brilliant in its design, style, and intimate understanding. It is a must read for specialists and policy makers alike. W. Montgomery Watt (1909-2006) was professor emeritus of Arabic and Islamic Studies at the University of Edinburgh. He is the author of numerous books, including Muslim-Christian Encounters: Perceptions and Misperceptions, Islam: A Short History, Muhammad's Mecca, and Islamic Surveys: The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe.

The book description for the previously published "Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law" is not yet available.

This volume brings together ten articles on contemporary Muslim thought written by authors from Europe and the Middle East, who are specialized in the fields of Islamic theology, Islamic studies and Political Sciences. The scope of the contributions is limited by two aspects: each contribution focuses either on the thought of a contemporaneous Muslim theologian, whose creative period came after 1950 or on a Muslim stream that is relevant today. Second, the contributions also consider the interdependence between theological debates and the larger context in which they take place. The issues addressed here are diverse in nature and the approaches adopted are various, but they are united in giving testimony to the continuing existence of plurality in Muslim theology. This volume will be especially useful for students and scholars of Islamic theology, Islamic studies, and contemporary Muslim thought, as well as the history of ideas.

The Muslims, History and Civilization provides modern perspective of the religion, culture and history of the Islamic world, at a time when that world is undergoing considerable change and is a focus of international study and debate. Most perceptions of Islam have often tended to be dominated by selective focus on few parts of Islamic history by biased media interpretations of events. Many people are unaware of the depth and variety of Islamic history and civilization, and had no opportunity to have a look at the bigger picture with all parts of the puzzle before their eyes. At the same time, many who have had a formal training in Islamic studies have tended to concentrate on the traditional, to the exclusion of modern overview. The Muslims, History and Civilization covers the full range of Islamic history and thought, in historical depth, but it also provides substantial coverage of contemporary trends across the Muslim world. It doesn't speak only from the mouth of select few. It presents views of all great thinkers, historians, scholars and writers irrespective of their religious affiliations. With well over a thousand entries on Islamic theology, history, arts, scientific achievements, Muslim leaders, law and institutions, crusades, Caliphate, and coverage of Islam in various places around the world, and short historical backgrounds of all Muslim countries, the Muslims, History and Civilization provides an extremely rich resource for students and researchers in religious studies and Middle Eastern studies. This book underlines and deepens the Muslim identity amidst fast changing concepts and ideologies. This book is a wide-ranging and general introduction to Islamic civilization from its origins to the present day. Writing in clear and non-technical language, Ehsanul Karim seek answers to broad and important questions. It begins with the history of the Prophet Muhammad (P), and provides a compilation of all the contributions, achievements, and major events of every Muslim region that has made a significant impact on Muslim history and civilization, continues with an historical résumé of the Islamic period, and moves on to the core chapters on the religious, philosophical and legal foundations of Islamic society and its contributions to world civilization in the fields of literature, art, science and medicine.

Is there any sound historical evidence that the prophet of Islam actually existed, or is the entire story of Muhammad fable or fiction? It is a question that few have thought—or dared—to ask. Virtually everyone, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, takes for granted that the prophet of Islam lived as a prophet, as well as a political and military leader, in seventh-century Arabia. But this widely accepted story begins to crumble on close examination. In his blockbuster New York Times bestseller The Truth about Muhammad, historian and Islam expert Robert Spencer revealed the often shocking contents of Islamic teachings about Muhammad. Now, in this newly revised and expanded version of Did Muhammad Exist?, he lays bare those teachings’ surprisingly shaky historical foundations. This updated and enlarged version of this acclaimed book examines even more striking and compelling evidence that the story of Muhammad, who for so long was assumed to have lived in the “full light of history,” could be more myth and legend than historical fact. Spencer meticulously examines historical records and archaeological findings, pioneering new scholarship to reconstruct what we can know about Muhammad, the Qur’an, and the early days of Islam. The evidence he presents challenges the most fundamental assumptions about Islam’s origins.

This book aims to bring Muslim theology into the present day. Rather than a purely academic pursuit, Modern Muslim Theology argues that theology is a creative process and discusses how the Islamic tradition can help contemporary practitioners negotiate their relationships with God, with one another, and with the rest of creation.