The International Standard

This is Volume I of an encyclopedia representing the scholarship of hundreds of evangelical contributors who have prepared articles on virtually every person, place, and term mentioned in the Bible. The encyclopedia is based on the Revised Standard Version, but is cross-referenced so that readers of other versions can easily utilize it.

This is the new edition of the first consolidated ISBD that was published in 2007. The first years of usage have led to interesting and useful corrections and additions. Many cataloguers and practitioners worldwide will welcome this updated first class tool, which is useful and applicable for descriptions of bibliographic resources in any type of catalogue.

Recent temperature measurements between 30 and 60 km are compared with the temperature-height profile for the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962. The mean annual midlatitude daytime temperature-height distribution derived from Meteorological Rocket Network (MRN) observations supports the assumption that the U.S. Standard Atmosphere temperature profile is representative of mean midlatitude daytime conditions between 30 and 53 km. Above 53 km the MRN temperatures are warmer than standard. Mean annual 50-km temperatures computed from grenade experiments at Ft. Churchill and Wallops Island are 5 degrees to 7 degrees C colder than those based on MRN thermistor measurements. Part of this difference is attributed to the diurnal variation in temperature near the stratopause. Temperature observations taken with the Soviet meteorological rocket at Heiss Island and Volgograd are compared with the MRN data and the U.S. Standard Atmosphere temperature-height profile. To satisfy the requirements for an International Standard Atmosphere to 50 km, it is recommended that the ICAO 32-km Standard Atmosphere be extended by adopting the 32- to 50-km layer of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962. (Author).

Investment protection treaties generally provide for the obligation to treat investments fairly and equitably, even if the wording of the rule and its relationship with the customary international standard may differ. The open-textured nature of the rule, the ambiguous relationship between the vague treaty and equally vague customary rules, and States' interpretations of the content and relationship of both rules (not to mention the frequency of successful invocation by investors) make this issue one of the most controversial aspect of investment protection law. This monograph engages in a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between the international minimum standard and fair and equitable treatment. It provides an original argument about the historical development of the international standard, a normative rationale for reading it into the treaty rules of fair and equitable treatment, and a coherent methodology for establishing the content of this standard. The first part of this book untangles the history of both the international minimum standard and fair and equitable treatment. The second part addresses the normative framework within which the contemporary debate takes place. After an exhaustive review of all relevant sources, it is argued that the most persuasive reading of fair and equitable treatment is that it always makes a reference to customary law. The third part of the book builds on the historical analysis and the normative framework, explaining the content of the contemporary standard by careful comparative human rights analysis.

This work examines the international standardization system generally, with a specific focus on some of the bodies within this system. It also questions the lack of definition regarding several features related to the system, notably an international standardizing body and international standards in the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.