The Iron Age Iii Graveyard At War Kabud Chavar District Pusht I Kuh Luristan

This fifth volume in the Luristan Excavation Documents series is the final excavation report on War Kabud, and presents the finds, most of which are now kept in the Royal Museums of Art and History in Brussels, and the Iran Bastan Museum in Teheran. It also provides information taken from the original excavation files.

This volume presents the final report of the excavations at the Bani Surmah graveyard in Pusht-i Kuh Luristan, Iran, by Ghent University and the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels. The Excavations, directed by Louis Vanden Berghe, were conducted in 1966 and 1967. Thirty-seven tombs made of stone boulders were excavated. Some were small and measured between two and four meters in length. Most, however, were much larger and measured ten meters or more in length. Most tombs were collective and were used by several generations. The burial goods cover almost the whole third millennium. Bani Surmah is located in the sub-region I of the Pusht-i Kuh, which is the closest to Mesopotamia. Many of the objects found in the tombs, such as common and painted pottery, seals and metalwork are of Mesopotamian origin. The close ties of this region with Mesopotamia raise some questions about the historical geography. Also the way of life and subsistence of past population groups in Pusht-i Kuh are considered. All the finds are illustrated in line drawings, the tombs and most objects also in photo.

Major recent excavations, have shed much light on the complexity of Iron Age society and religion in southern Palestine, a region where both Judeans and Edomites lived. However, it is not clear whether the religious practices attested at these sites were a reflection of localised customs or were common rituals for peoples of Cisjordan and we do not know their extent. An isolated shrine site at Wadi ath-Thamad Site WT-13 in northern Moab which contained numerous finds of Iron Age figurines and statues has been the subject of detailed excavation. The rich harvest of figurines, ceramic statues, beads, miniature ceramic vessels, architectural models, faunal remains and shells and fossils constitutes the evidence for repeated cultic activities. Although dating to the Iron Age at the time of the consolidation of the kingdom of Moab, there is insufficient evidence at present to determine the full range of cultic practices and deities venerated by the peoples of the lands within ancient Moab and by those visitors to the shrine. The links between WT-13 and the surrounding town sites is only now coming to light with excavation at Atarus and Khirbat al-Mudayna, as well as at the Ammonite site of Tall Damiyah in the Jordan Valley, where a comparable shrine has recently been uncovered. WT-13 clearly serves as a link between the Jordan Valley and the Negev, adding to our knowledge of local and foreign influences in the region during the Iron Age.

Coollected as a Festschrift for the 70th birthday of Peder Mortensen, former director of the Moesgard Museum and the Danish Institute in Damascus, the essays in this volume reflect the breadth of Mortensen's passion for archaeology and culture in the Middle East. The topics are arranged chronologically and range from stone tools and early human footprints, to the cultural transitions reveled by a Palestinian mosaic from the 4th century AD, to the way the design of a Jordanian madafah from the early 20th century encouraged traditional Muslim hospitality: Several papers cover the archaeology of the region, including Luristan, Elam and the Syrian Palaeolithic, while Frank Hole uses his experiences travelling with Iranian nomads to shed light on excavations of ancient campsites. The final essay considers the development and future of Islamic archaeology as an academic discipline.

Final report and study of the Early Iron Age (Iron Age I - II) graveyards which were excavated by the Belgian Archaeological Expedition in Luristan (West-Iran) between 1965 and 1979. The book consists of three main sections. The first part is a general introduction to the archaeological research in Luristan. It includes a survey of all the excavations in Luristan that provided information on the Iron Age. The second part is a study of the Pusht-i Kuh graveyards, the tombs and their gravegoods. It results in the proposal of a refined chronology for the Pusht-i Kuh region in the period between 1300-1250 B.C. and 800/750 B.C. The third part provides the full excavation data on the 11 graveyards under discussion. A general introduction to each graveyard is followed by the presentation of the different tombs with their burialgoods. These are presented in both line drawings and photographs.

This volume is the final report on the 1967-1968 excavations at Kalleh Nisar in Pusht-i Kuh Luristan, Iran, by Ghent University and the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels. A large number of tombs, constructed with stone boulders, and remains of 2 buildings were discovered. One of these buildings is of Chalcolithic date. Individual and collective tombs were constructed at Kalleh Nisar throughout the 3rd millennium. Corridor-shaped tombs of up to 13m in length were designed as collective tombs and were used by several generations. Some were still re-used in the second millennium. The burial goods include plain and painted pottery, metal weapons and utensils, seals and jewellery. The finds cover the whole third and the first half of the second millennium. Bani Surmah is located in sub-region I of the Pusht-i Kuh, which is the closest to Mesopotamia. This explains the imports and influence of Mesopotamia in this part of Luristan. Metal analysis has nevertheless indicated the existence of a local metal production. The way of life and subsistence of past population groups in Pusht-i Kuh are considered. All the finds are illustrated in line drawings, the tombs and most objects also in photo.