The Linear Model And Hypothesis

This book provides a concise and integrated overview of hypothesis testing in four important subject areas, namely linear and nonlinear models, multivariate analysis, and large sample theory. The approach used is a geometrical one based on the concept of projections and their associated idempotent matrices, thus largely avoiding the need to involve matrix ranks. It is shown that all the hypotheses encountered are either linear or asymptotically linear, and that all the underlying models used are either exactly or asymptotically linear normal models. This equivalence can be used, for example, to extend the concept of orthogonality in the analysis of variance to other models, and to show that the asymptotic equivalence of the likelihood ratio, Wald, and Score (Lagrange Multiplier) hypothesis tests generally applies.

This book provides a concise and integrated overview of hypothesis testing in four important subject areas, namely linear and nonlinear models, multivariate analysis, and large sample theory. The approach used is a geometrical one based on the concept of projections and their associated idempotent matrices, thus largely avoiding the need to involvematrix ranks. It is shown that all the hypotheses encountered are either linear or asymptotically linear, and that all the underlying models used are either exactly or asymptotically linear normal models. This equivalence can be used, for example, to extend the concept of orthogonality to other models in the analysis of variance, and to show that the asymptotic equivalence of the likelihood ratio, Wald, and Score (Lagrange Multiplier) hypothesis tests generally applies.

A treatment of estimating unknown parameters, testing hypotheses and estimating confidence intervals in linear models. Readers will find here presentations of the Gauss-Markoff model, the analysis of variance, the multivariate model, the model with unknown variance and covariance components and the regression model as well as the mixed model for estimating random parameters. A chapter on the robust estimation of parameters and several examples have been added to this second edition. The necessary theorems of vector and matrix algebra and the probability distributions of test statistics are derived so as to make this book self-contained. Geodesy students as well as those in the natural sciences and engineering will find the emphasis on the geodetic application of statistical models extremely useful.

The essential introduction to the theory and application of linear models—now in a valuable new edition Since most advanced statistical tools are generalizations of the linear model, it is neces-sary to first master the linear model in order to move forward to more advanced concepts. The linear model remains the main tool of the applied statistician and is central to the training of any statistician regardless of whether the focus is applied or theoretical. This completely revised and updated new edition successfully develops the basic theory of linear models for regression, analysis of variance, analysis of covariance, and linear mixed models. Recent advances in the methodology related to linear mixed models, generalized linear models, and the Bayesian linear model are also addressed. Linear Models in Statistics, Second Edition includes full coverage of advanced topics, such as mixed and generalized linear models, Bayesian linear models, two-way models with empty cells, geometry of least squares, vector-matrix calculus, simultaneous inference, and logistic and nonlinear regression. Algebraic, geometrical, frequentist, and Bayesian approaches to both the inference of linear models and the analysis of variance are also illustrated. Through the expansion of relevant material and the inclusion of the latest technological developments in the field, this book provides readers with the theoretical foundation to correctly interpret computer software output as well as effectively use, customize, and understand linear models. This modern Second Edition features: New chapters on Bayesian linear models as well as random and mixed linear models Expanded discussion of two-way models with empty cells Additional sections on the geometry of least squares Updated coverage of simultaneous inference The book is complemented with easy-to-read proofs, real data sets, and an extensive bibliography. A thorough review of the requisite matrix algebra has been addedfor transitional purposes, and numerous theoretical and applied problems have been incorporated with selected answers provided at the end of the book. A related Web site includes additional data sets and SAS® code for all numerical examples. Linear Model in Statistics, Second Edition is a must-have book for courses in statistics, biostatistics, and mathematics at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an invaluable reference for researchers who need to gain a better understanding of regression and analysis of variance.

Briefly describes 777 serial bibliographies relating to modern literature in most of the major languages. Chapters cover comprehensive bibliographies, those for English and foreign literatures, for topics from African American studies to women's studies, and for particular authors. The 1982 edition has been updated and expanded to include information on electronic serial bibliographies. Paper edition (unseen), $19.75. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

1. 1. The general linear model All econometric research is based on a set of numerical data relating to certain economic quantities, and makes infer ences from the data about the ways in which these quanti ties are related (Malinvaud 1970, p. 3). The linear relation is frequently encountered in applied econometrics. Let y and x denote two economic quantities, then the linear relation between y and x is formalized by: where {31 and {32 are constants. When {31 and {32 are known numbers, the value of y can be calculated for every given value of x. Here y is the dependent variable and x is the explanatory variable. In practical situations {31 and {32 are unknown. We assume that a set of n observations on y and x is available. When plotting the ob served pairs (x l' YI)' (x ' Y2)' . . . , (x , Y n) into a diagram with x 2 n measured along the horizontal axis and y along the vertical axis it rarely occurs that all points lie on a straight line. Generally, no b 1 and b exist such that Yi = b + b x for i = 1,2, . . . ,n. Unless 2 l 2 i the diagram clearly suggests another type of relation, for instance quadratic or exponential, it is customary to adopt linearity in order to keep the analysis as simple as possible.

This work details the statistical inference of linear models including parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, and prediction. The authors discuss the application of statistical theories and methodologies to various linear models such as the linear regression model, the analysis of variance model, the analysis of covariance model, and the variance components model.