The Logic Of Software A Tasting Menu Of Formal Methods

This Festschrift, dedicated to Reiner Hähnle on the occasion of his 60th birthday, contains papers written by many of his closest collaborators. After positions at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Chalmers University of Technology, since 2011 Reiner has been the chaired professor of Software Engineering at Technische Universität Darmstadt, where his team focuses on the formal verification of object-oriented software, the formal modeling and specification of highly adaptive software systems, and formal modeling and analysis in domains such as biological systems and railroad operations. His work is characterized by achievements in theory and in practical implementations, significant collaborations include the KeY project and the development of the ABS language. He has served as chair and editor of important related academic conferences, and coauthored almost 200 academic publications. The contributions in this volume reflect Reiner’s main research focus: formal methods, in particular applied to software verification.

This invaluable textbook/reference provides an easy-to-read guide to the fundamentals of formal methods, highlighting the rich applications of formal methods across a diverse range of areas of computing. Topics and features: introduces the key concepts in software engineering, software reliability and dependability, formal methods, and discrete mathematics; presents a short history of logic, from Aristotle’s syllogistic logic and the logic of the Stoics, through Boole’s symbolic logic, to Frege’s work on predicate logic; covers propositional and predicate logic, as well as more advanced topics such as fuzzy logic, temporal logic, intuitionistic logic, undefined values, and the applications of logic to AI; examines the Z specification language, the Vienna Development Method (VDM) and Irish School of VDM, and the unified modelling language (UML); discusses Dijkstra’s calculus of weakest preconditions, Hoare’s axiomatic semantics of programming languages, and the classical approach of Parnas and his tabular expressions; provides coverage of automata theory, probability and statistics, model checking, and the nature of proof and theorem proving; reviews a selection of tools available to support the formal methodist, and considers the transfer of formal methods to industry; includes review questions and highlights key topics in every chapter, and supplies a helpful glossary at the end of the book. This stimulating guide provides a broad and accessible overview of formal methods for students of computer science and mathematics curious as to how formal methods are applied to the field of computing.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods, SEFM 2022, which took place in Berlin, Germany, in September 2022. The 19 full and 3 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: software verification; program analysis; verifier technology; formal methods for intelligent and learning systems; specification and contracts; program synthesis; temporal logic; and runtime methods.

This Festschrift volume has been published in honor of Frank de Boer, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Frank S. de Boer is a prominent member of the research community in formal methods and theoretical computer science. A brief look at his lengthy publication list reveals a broad area of interest and a versatile modus operandi with: logic and constraint programming; deductive proof systems, soundness, and completeness; semantics, compositionality, and full abstraction; process algebra and decidability; multithreading and actor-based concurrency; agent programming, ontologies, and modal logic; real-time systems, timed automata, and schedulability; enterprise architectures, choreography, and coordination; testing and runtime monitoring; and cloud computing and service-level agreements. For a while, he also liked failures, especially in semantics, and optimistically concluded with the failure of failures. In fact, Frank has an opportunistic approach to research. Rather than seeing obstacles, he finds opportunities.

Software programs are formal entities with precise meanings independent of their programmers, so the transition from ideas to programs necessarily involves a formalisation at some point. The first part of this graduate-level introduction to formal methods develops an understanding of what constitutes formal methods and what their place is in Software Engineering. It also introduces logics as languages to describe reasoning and the process algebra CSP as a language to represent behaviours. The second part offers specification and testing methods for formal development of software, based on the modelling languages CASL and UML. The third part takes the reader into the application domains of normative documents, human machine interfaces, and security. Use of notations and formalisms is uniform throughout the book. Topics and features: Explains foundations, and introduces specification, verification, and testing methods Explores various application domains Presents realistic and practical examples, illustrating concepts Brings together contributions from highly experienced educators and researchers Offers modelling and analysis methods for formal development of software Suitable for graduate and undergraduate courses in software engineering, this uniquely practical textbook will also be of value to students in informatics, as well as to scientists and practical engineers, who want to learn about or work more effectively with formal theories and methods. Markus Roggenbach is a Professor in the Dept. of Computer Science of Swansea University. Antonio Cerone is an Associate Professor in the Dept. of Computer Science of Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan. Bernd-Holger Schlingloff is a Professor in the Institut für Informatik of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Gerardo Schneider is a Professor in the Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering of University of Gothenburg. Siraj Ahmed Shaikh is a Professor in the Institute for Future Transport and Cities of Coventry University. The companion site for the book offers additional resources, including further material for selected chapters, prepared lab classes, a list of errata, slides and teaching material, and virtual machines with preinstalled tools and resources for hands-on experience with examples from the book. The URL is: https://sefm-book.github.io

This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Automated Deduction, CADE 29, which took place in Rome, Italy, during July 2023. The 28 full papers and 5 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 77 submissions. CADE is the major forum for the presentation of research in all aspects of automated deduction, including foundations, applications, implementations, and practical experience. The papers are organized in the following topics: Logical foundations; theory and principles; implementation and application; ATP and AI; and system descriptions.

This Festschrift volume, dedicated to He Jifeng on the occasion of his 70th birthday in September 2013, includes 24 refereed papers by leading researchers, current and former colleagues, who congratulated at a celebratory symposium held in Shanghai, China, in the course of the 10th International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing, ICTAC 2013. The papers cover a broad spectrum of subjects, from foundational and theoretical topics to programs and systems issues and to applications, comprising formal methods, software and systems modeling, semantics, laws of programming, specification and verification, as well as logics. He Jifeng is known for his seminal work in the theories of programming and formal methods for software engineering. He is particularly associated with Unifying Theories of Programming (UTP) , the theory of data refinement and the laws of programming, and the rCOS formal method for object and component system construction. His book on UTP with Tony Hoare has been widely read and followed by a large number of researchers, and it has been used in many postgraduate courses. He was a senior researcher at Oxford during 1984-1998, and then a senior research fellow at the United Nations University International Institute for Software Technology (UNU-IIST) in Macau during 1998-2005. He has been a professor and currently the Dean of the Institute of Software Engineering at East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. In 2005, He Jifeng was elected as an academician to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He also received an honorary doctorate from the University of York. He won a number of prestigious science and technology awards, including a 2nd prize of Natural Science Award from the State Council of China, a 1st prize of Natural Science Award from the Ministry of Education of China, a 1st prize of Technology Innovation from the Ministry of Electronic Industry, and a number awards from Shanghai government.

Rationale Software engineering aims to develop software by using approaches which en able large and complex program suites to be developed in a systematic way. However, it is well known that it is difficult to obtain the level of assurance of correctness required for safety critical software using old fashioned program ming techniques. The level of safety required becomes particularly high in software which is to function without a break for long periods of time, since the software cannot be restarted and errors can accumulate. Consequently programming for mission critical systems, for example, needs to address the requirements of correctness with particular care. In the search for techniques for making software cheaper and more reliable, two important but largely independent influences have been visible in recent years. These are: • Object Technology • Formal Methods First, it has become evident that objects are, and will remain an important concept in software. Experimental languages of the 1970's introduced various concepts of package, cluster, module, etc. giving concrete expression to the importance of modularity and encapsulation, the construction of software com ponents hiding their state representations and algorithmic mechanisms from users, exporting only those features (mainly the procedure calling mechanisms) which were needed in order to use the objects. This gives the software com ponents a level of abstraction, separating the view of what a module does for the system from the details of how it does them.