The Modern Eye

The Modern Eye explores the origins and development of early 20th-century modernism in America through the lens of the major exhibitions that introduced this art to the general public. Author Kristina Wilson shows how modern artists and curators sought to relate high art to mass culture in order to make it accessible to more people, and successfully popularized modern painting and design during the interwar years. A major contribution to our understanding of the origins of modernism, this book captures the vibrant diversity that the term "modern art" meant at this time. The chapters examine exhibitions held in New York in the 1920s and 1930s, including those organized by Alfred Stieglitz, the Little Review, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and the Museum of Modern Art. In examining the marketing of modernism, Wilson reveals how these exhibitions attempted to stage an intersection between art and everyday life, and how they taught viewers to look at, and care about, modern art.

With essays by an international selection of authorities, extracts of previously untranslated writings by the artist, a chronology and bibliography, this is a comprehensive and revealing survey of Munch's work.

Catalog of an exhibition held at the Centre Pompidou, Paris, Sept. 22, 2011-Jan. 23, 2012, at Schirn Kunsthalle, Frankfurt, Feb. 9-May 28, 2012, and at Tate Modern, London, June 28-Oct. 14, 2012.

Eye movements are a vital part of our interaction with the world. They play a pivotal role in perception, cognition, and education. Research in this field is now proceeding at a considerable pace and casting new light on how the eyes move and what information we can derive during the frequentand brief periods of fixation. However, the origins of this work are less well known, even though much of our knowledge was derived from this research with far more primitive equipment. This book is unique in tracing the history of eye movement research. It shows how great strides were made in this area before modern recording devices were available, especially in the measurement of nystagmus. When photographic techniques were adapted to measure discontinuous eye movements, fromabout 1900, many of the issues that are now basic to modern research were then investigated. One of the earliest cognitive tasks examined was reading, and it remains in the vanguard of contemporary research. Modern researchers in this field will be astonished at the subtleties of these early experimental studies and the ingenuity of interpretations that were advanced one and even two centuries ago. Though physicians often carried out the original eye movement research, later on it was pursued bypsychologists - it is within contemporary neuroscience that we find these two strands reunited. Anyone interested in the origins of psychology and neuroscience will find much to stimulate and surprise them in this valuable new work.

Drawing on optic theory, ethnography, and the visual cultures of Christianity, this volume explores various discourses of vision in early modern Europe and the colonial Americas.

"During the years of the Great Depression in America, modernist designers developed products and lifestyle concepts intended for middle-class, not elite, consumers. In this fascinating book, [the author] coins the term 'livable modernism' to describe this school of design. Livable modernism combined international style functional efficiency and sophistication with a respect for American consumers' desires for physical and psychological comfort, paving the way for the work of Charles and Ray Eames and other post-World War II designers. [The author] offers a new view of modernist furnishings marketed for middle-class living rooms, dining rooms, and bedrooms of the 1930s, and provides groundbreaking analyses of many of the most popular items, including George Sakier's stemware for the Fostoria Glass Company, Russel Wrights' American modern furniture for Macy's, and Gilbert Rohde's clocks for the Herman Miller Clock Company. As the first study of the marketing of modern design during the Depression years, [this book] features an extensive array of vintage advertisements from such magazines as 'Better Homes and Gardens', 'House Beautiful', 'Ladies' Home Journal', and the 'Saturday Evening Post'. [The author] discusses the relation of modernism to the cultural and economic climate of the Depression and examines the sophisticated marketing strategies of the movement that coincided with a period of tremendous growth for print magazines and the advertising industry. Filled with fresh insights into a fascinating period in American modern design, this book provides an important new look at these designers' and design companies' philosophies, innovations, and influence that until now have been under-appreciated"--Bookjacket.

Drawing on optic theory, ethnography, and the visual cultures of Christianity, this volume explores various discourses of vision in early modern Europe and the colonial Americas.

Vanities of the Eye investigates the cultural history of the senses in early modern Europe, a time in which the nature and reliability of human vision was the focus of much debate. In medicine, art theory, science, religion, and philosophy, sight came to be characterised as uncertain or paradoxical - mental images no longer resembled the external world. Was seeing really believing? Stuart Clark explores the controversial debates of the time - from the fantasies and hallucinations of melancholia, to the illusions of magic, art, demonic deceptions, and witchcraft. The truth and function of religious images and the authenticity of miracles and visions were also questioned with new vigour, affecting such contemporary works as Macbeth - a play deeply concerned with the dangers of visual illusion. Clark also contends that there was a close connection between these debates and the ways in which philosophers such as Descartes and Hobbes developed new theories on the relationship between the real and virtual. Original, highly accessible, and a major contribution to our understanding of European culture, Vanities of the Eye will be of great interest to a wide range of historians and anyone interested in the true nature of seeing.