The Montana Cree

The Montana Cree is a study of religion as a sustaining force in American Indian life. On the small Rocky Boy reservation in northern Montana, the Cree Indians provide an example of how a people transplanted and persecuted throughout their history can maintain and develop a tribal identity and unity through the continuance of their religious values. As the adopted son of Mose Michelle, a hereditary Pend O’Reille chief, Verne Dusenberry moved easily within Indian circles as an accepted participant-observer in many religious ceremonies. His ethnographic study provides detailed descriptions of ceremonies - the Shaking Tent, Ghost Dance, and Sun Dance - which are seldom accurately described elsewhere.

They know who they are. Of predominantly Chippewa, Cree, French, and Scottish descent, the Métis people have flourished as a distinct ethnic group in Canada and the northwestern United States for nearly two hundred years. Yet their Métis identity is often ignored or misunderstood in the United States. Unlike their counterparts in Canada, the U.S. Métis have never received federal recognition. In fact, their very identity has been questioned. In this rich examination of a Métis community—the first book-length work to focus on the Montana Métis—Martha Harroun Foster combines social, political, and economic analysis to show how its people have adapted to changing conditions while retaining a strong sense of their own unique culture and traditions. Despite overwhelming obstacles, the Métis have used the bonds of kinship and common history to strengthen and build their community. As Foster carefully traces the lineage of Métis families from the Spring Creek area, she shows how the people retained their sense of communal identity. She traces the common threads linking diverse Métis communities throughout Montana and lends insight into the nature of Métis identity in general. And in raising basic questions about the nature of ethnicity, this pathbreaking work speaks to the difficulties of ethnic identification encountered by all peoples of mixed descent.

Careful research combines well-written text and striking images to interest readers in the history and culture of the Cree. Its discussion of Cree history allows readers to view everything from the prehistoric time through the issues the Crees face today. The book examines the Western Woods Crees and the Plains Crees, and explores the impact of European traders, missionaries, and settlers on Cree life. The volume also looks at the traditional cultures of the two Cree groups, including arts, government, religion, and daily life. A timeline offers a history of the Crees at a glance, and additional resources and suggested activities invite readers to delve even deeper into Cree history and culture.

Native Americans first came to settle North America many thousands of years ago. The Cree is an ancient group that chose to set up their communities in Quebec, Canada. Their ancestors passed down their history from one generation to the next through word of mouth. As years passed, the Cree built communities and faced many challenges. This is the story of the Cree nation, how they survived hardships and obstacles, and continued into the present day.