The Nature Of Constitutional Rights

What does it mean to have a constitutional right in an era in which most rights must yield to 'compelling governmental interests'? After recounting the little-known history of the invention of the compelling-interest formula during the 1960s, The Nature of Constitutional Rights examines what must be true about constitutional rights for them to be identified and enforced via 'strict scrutiny' and other, similar, judge-crafted tests. The book's answers not only enrich philosophical understanding of the concept of a 'right', but also produce important practical payoffs. Its insights should affect how courts decide cases and how citizens should think about the judicial role. Contributing to the conversation between originalists and legal realists, Richard H. Fallon, Jr explains what constitutional rights are, what courts must do to identify them, and why the protections that they afford are more limited than most people think.

Explains constitutional rights, how courts must identify them, and why their protections are more limited than most people think.

This work explains the nature of constitutional rights. It does so by means of an analysis of the nature of law in general, the nature of constitutions, and the nature of rights. It looks in detail at several aspects of constitutional law, rights and institutions, as well as aspects related to public officials, private persons and associations. In addition, the book critically examines a considerable number of debates about whether some actual or proposed constitutional rights ought to be established and maintained in the United States constitution. It then identifies the kinds of reasons that justify or fail to justify constitutional rights. The book advances the debate and makes a contribution to the theory and the practice of constitutional rights.

In any country where there is a Bill of Rights, constitutional rights reasoning is an important part of the legal process. As more and more countries adopt Human Rights legislation and accede to international human rights agreements, and as the European Union introduces its own Bill of Rights, judges struggle to implement these rights consistently and sometimes the reasoning behind them is lost. Examining the practice in other jurisdictions can be a valuable guide. Robert Alexy's classic work reconstructs the reasoning behind the jurisprudence of the German Basic Law and in doing so provides a theory of general application to all jurisdictions where judges wrestle with rights adjudication. In considering the features of constitutional rights reasoning, the author moves from the doctrine of proportionality, procedural rights and the structure and scope of constitutional rights, to general rights of liberty and equality and the problem of horizontal effect. A postscript written for the English edition considers critiques of the Theory since it first appeared in 1985, focusing in particular on the discretion left to legislatures and in an extended introduction the translator argues that the theory may be used to clarify the nature of legal reasoning in the context of rights under the British Constitution.

Moon argues that recognition of the social dynamic of communication is critical to understanding the potential value and harm of language and to addressing questions about the scope and limits on one's rights to freedom of expression.

The Nature and Scope of Individual Rights provides historical context for the cases, articles and wide range of materials presented throughout the book. Readers explore how theories of social freedom and governance were developed and articulated in national debates on the most controversial matters of law and social science. Comparing specific legislation with purported state interests yields insights into judicial processes in those areas where law appears to operate without an obvious correlation between ends and means. The book covers topics related to military conscription, euthanasia, capital punishment, monogamy, incest, marital and statutory rape, race, gender, sexual orientation, workplace privacy, and public response to the Patriot Act, as changes in domestic surveillance and telecommunications technology continue to transform the dialogue around privacy. Barnes ultimately encourages readers to consider how many of these debates are consistent with (or even worthy of) our highest aspirations in relation to liberty, autonomy and governance for the general welfare. "Most law professors skip topics because of the fear of making our students uncomfortable... The genius of Barnes' book is that it brings together so many of these topics that they become safer to cover... The materials are well-chosen and obviously provocative. The issues are central to our conception of self, family and society, and the concepts of right and wrong that animate the relationships. So, the only remaining question is: Do you have the courage to teach this course?" -- Matthew Spitzer, University of Southern California Law School "Professor Barnes is to be credited with constructing a textbook that is relevant in every sense of the term. Students learn best when they feel that they are learning issues that impact their own lives. The subset of constitutional law that is the focus of Professor Barnes' book -- intimate individual rights -- and the author's choice of materials will foster precisely this type of classroom experience." -- Terry Smith, Fordham University School of Law