The Role Of Plantation Crops In Agricultural Development

Plantation Crops Have Been Traditional Export Earners But Their Importance Declined When Industrial And Engineering Goods Become Major Export Products. Interest In Them Was Revived Through New Technology And Marketing Methods. Plantation Crop Development Is Another Way Of Containing The Environmental Deterioration Caused By The Modern Agro-Systems. Plantation And Forestry Could Go Hand In Hand And Could Develop What Is Called A Forestry-Plantation System: Plantation Development If It Is In Wasteland, Could Propagate Mixed Crop Species Along With Soil Conservation And Linkage With Other Sectors Thus Improving The Role Of Plantation Crops. Thous Coconut And Arecanut Are Classified As Palms, An Attempt Is Made In This Study To Include Them And Study Some Other Plantation Crops Like Cashewnut To The Development Of Agricultural And The Rural Sector In The Particular Region. The Study Is Divided Into Two Parts- Part I Comprising Coconut-Arecanut And Part Ii Cashewnut. Contents Part I; Chapter 1: Plantation Crops; Chapter 2: Introduction To Coconut-Arecanut Cultivation; Chapter 3: Coconut; Chapter 4: Coconut Cultivation In Dakshina Kannada; Chapter 5: Arecanut; Chapter 6: Paddy; Chapter 7: Cardamom, Pepper And Rubber; Chapter 8: Summary And Conclusion; Chapter 9: Energy And Economics In Tea Processing; Part Ii; Chapter 10: Some Problems Of Rural Development; Chapter 11: Cashewnut: An Introduction; Chapter 12: The Project; Chapter 13: Findings Of The Study; Chapter 14: Improved Cashew Cultivation; Chapter 15: Cashew Industry; Chapter 16: Cashew Apple; Chapter 17: Cashew: An Overview.

Plantation crops have been traditional export earners but their importance declined when industrial and engineering goods become major export products. Interest in them was revived through new technology and marketing methods. Plantation crop development is another way of containing the environmental deterioration caused by the modern agro-systems. Plantation and forestry could go hand in hand and could develop what is called a forestry-plantation system: Plantation development if it is in wasteland, could propagate mixed crop species along with soil conservation and linkage with other sectors thus improving the role of plantation crops. Thous coconut and arecanut are classified as palms, an attempt is made in this study to include them and study some other plantation crops like cashewnut to the development of agricultural and the rural sector in the particular region. The study is divided into two parts- Part I comprising coconut-arecanut and Part II Cashewnut.

The authors assess the relative efficiency of plantation and smallholder agriculture, evaluate different forms of plantation management, and look at the regional and environmental impact, and policitcal and policy issues.

The conceptual, and historical perspectives; The current world perspective; Perspectives on specific crops.

Coffee finds its way to Europe -- The monopoly ends -- Java coffee -- Ceylon coffee -- Robusta to the rescue -- Slavery and the rise of the Brazilian coffee industry -- Coffee farming in Brazil -- Coffee and repression in Guatemala -- The rest of Central America and Mexico -- Americans learn to love coffee -- The American coffee titan -- Coffee valorization in Brazil -- Colombian coffee hits the big time -- Brutal dictators with US support -- The roller coaster of coffee prices -- Change in the coffee landscape of northern Latin America -- Coffee today -- 7 Rubber -- Sources of rubber -- Beginnings of rubber use -- Industrialization of rubber -- Wild rubber exploitation -- Slavery in the Amazon -- Plantation rubber -- Big rubber companies enter the game -- Ford's big failure -- The coolie labor force -- German synthetic rubber -- Synthetic rubber in the United States -- The rubber industry of today -- 8 Plantation crops: Yesterday and today -- Ties that bind -- The saga continues -- Déjà vu -- Index.

Over the last five centuries, plantation crops have represented the best and worst of industrialized agriculture – "best" through their agronomic productivity and global commercial success, and "worst" as examples of exploitative colonialism, conflict and ill-treatment of workers. This book traces the social, political and evolutionary history of seven major plantation crops – sugarcane, banana, cotton, tea, tobacco, coffee and rubber. It describes how all of these were domesticated in antiquity and grown by small landowners for thousands of years before European traders and colonists sought to make a profit out of them. The author relates how their development and spread were closely associated with government expansionist policies. They stimulated the exploration of far off lands, were the focus of major conflicts and led to the enslavement of both native and displaced peoples. From the southern United States, Latin America and the Caribbean, to Asia and Africa, plantation crops turned social structures upside down leading to revolution and government change. The economies of whole countries became tied to the profits of these plantations, leading to internal power struggles to control the burgeoning wealth. Open warfare routinely broke out between the more powerful countries and factions for trade dominance. This book shows that from the early 1500s to today, at least one of the plantation crops was always at the center of world politics, and that this still continues today, for example with the development of oil palm plantations in Southeast Asia. Written in an accessible style, it is fascinating supplementary reading for students of agricultural, environmental and colonial history.