The Sinking Of The Laconia And The U Boat War

Originally published: Santa Barbara, California: Praeger/ABC-CLIO, 2009.

The Laconia Incident is the true story of Korvettenkapitan Werner Hartenstein, captain of the WWII German submarine, U-156. It is Hartenstein's boat that attacks and sinks the Laconia on September 12, 1942. The subsequent, unprecedented actions taken by him, his crew, and the German U-Boat Command, after the actual torpedoing and sinking of the Laconia, make for a truly amazing tale. It's a story of how civility and mercy survive, even amidst the savagery and brutality of all-out war. It also shows how even the best-intentioned efforts can be foiled by stubborn adherence to well-established preconceptions, even in the face of overwhelming evidence to the contrary.

The years 1939-1945 is etched on the minds of many for myriad reasons. It was an epoch of terrible chaos, devastating loss, and inexplicable horror. The Second World War was wreaking havoc all over the world. Several events have shaken the collective conscience of mankind. Hitler’s pathological hatred for the Jews, the holocaust, the Auschwitz concentration camps and its horrors, the atomic bomb and its long-term detrimental repercussions, the economic perils, rampant epidemics, severe shortage of food and supplies, deaths due to starvation, etc. are well known dark pages of history. Though these events have been repeated ad nauseum, they still don’t fail to send shivers down one’s spine. But the Laconia Incident that transpired on the eve of September 12th, 1942, stood apart in its scale and tragedy. An armed British ship was intercepted by a German U-boat. The teal waters of the Atlantic and the Pacific was no safer for anybody. It was replete with U-boats and submarines that took the cover of darkness and the sinister waves to waylay enemy ships. They waited in stealth to pounce on the enemy and scuttle the ship on sight. The Laconia Incident is a bone-chilling tale of tragic killing of hundreds of people when a German U-boat torpedoed a British armed ship. The RMS Laconia was unescorted and a sitting duck to the German U-boat. The commanding officer ordered it to be torpedoed. The orders were carried out in an instant. When the German commanding officer Captain Hartenstein surfaced the submarine hoping to collect any intelligence from the sinking ship, he was appalled by the innumerable upturned faces dotting the violent shark-infested sea. Hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children were scrambling for life. What should the German captain do? Should he rescue the enemy civilians? Should he execute the dictator Fuhrer’s orders of eliminating all survivors? Should he follow the calls of his heart and embark on a near-impossible rescue mission? The Captain unlike his Fuhrer had his heart in the right place. He dared to carry out a mission to save the enemy jeopardizing his own life and career. And for this act of humanity and compassion, will he be honored or cursed? Read the book to know the tragic story of the Laconia Incident and the German Captain Hartenstein who risked his own life and career to rescue the enemy.

Fritz-Julius Lemp's tragic sinking of the Athenia in a Second U-Boat Flotilla boat opened Germany's U-boat war against England. The following six years of bitter combat found the flotilla at the forefront of distant operations. Leading the attack, Legendary commanders such as Albrecht Achilles, Werner Hartenstein and Reinhard Hardegen littered the Atlantic and Indian Oceans with the twisted steel of sunken ships. Drawn extensively from various war diaries and veterans' personal reminiscences, the Second U-Boat Flotilla describes the tumultuous fortunes of the most successful unit of Karl Donitz's Grey Wolves.

Just hours after World War II was declared, Germany struck its first blow, firing without warning on the passenger liner Athenia. The British ship was loaded with Americans, Canadians, and Europeans attempting to cross the Atlantic before the outbreak of war. As the ship sank, 1,306 were rescued but 112 people were lost, including thirty Americans. This account of the disaster, based on new research, tells a dramatic story of tragedy and triumph, as historian Francis Carroll chronicles the survivors' experiences and explains how the incident shaped policy in the U.S., UK, and Canada. For Britain, it was seen as a violation of international law and convoys were sent to protect shipping. In Canada, Athenia's sinking rallied support to go to war. In the United States, it exposed Germany as a serious threat and changed public opinion enough to allow the country to sell munitions and supplies to Britain and France.

The first volume of Clay Blair's magisterial, highly praised narrative history of the German submarine war against Allied shipping in World War II, The Hunters, 1939-1942, described the Battle of the Atlantic waged first against the British Empire and then against the Americas. This second and concluding volume, The Hunted, 1942-1945, covers the period when the fortunes of the German Navy were completely reversed, and it suffered perhaps the most devastating defeat of any of the German forces. In unprecedented detail and drawing on sources never used before, Clay Blair continues the dramatic and authoritative story of the failures and fortunes of the German U-boat campaign against the United States and Great Britain. All the major patrols and sorties made by the Germans are described in detail and with considerable human interest: the Peleus and Laconia affairs; the capture at sea of U-505; the crisis of German command; the futile operations against the Americas; and the mounting and devastating losses that, in effect, entirely destroyed the German submarine service. Amid the riveting accounts of battles at sea in Volume I, military historian Blair, who served on an American submarine in the Pacific against Japan, postulates that the German U-boat peril in the Atlantic has been "vastly overblown" in previously published histories and memoirs of that naval struggle, as well as in films. As a consequence, Blair writes, a false mythology about the effectiveness of U-boats has taken root, and in order to clearly and fully understand World War II, one must put the U-boat threat into proper perspective. Although neither volume is intended to be "technical" in nature, Blair does not neglect the scientific developments of the U-boat war. These include radar and radar detectors, active and passive sonar, Axis encoding machines and exotic Allied decoding machines, high-frequency direction finding (Huff Duff), Hedgehogs, depth charges, and sophisticated U-boat torpedoes. He describes how these devices worked and how they influenced the course of the naval battle. The remarkable story of Hitler's U-Boat War has been one of the last World War II subjects without a conclusive treatment. Now, thanks to Clay Blair, this has been brilliantly remedied.