The Study Of Fast Processes And Transient Species By Electron Pulse Radiolysis

This volume contains the lectures given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute "The Study of Fast Processes and Labile Species in Chemistry and Molecular Biology Using Ionising Radiation" held in Capri, Italy, September 7-l8th 1981. The aim of the Institute was to summarise the present position of the use of pulsed ionising radiation in chemical and biological chemical research. For background an outline of the basic radiation chemistry and physics involved and descriptions of techniques and equipment in current use was presented. It was followed by comprehensive coverage of the state of this research to date in various areas of chemistry and biological chemistry. It was hoped to demonstrate to researchers not directly involved with ionising radiation how this technique is now at a stage in its development where it can have wider applications in various branches of chemistry and biology. The fifty participants did indeed form a wide spectrum of scientific interest covering inorganic, physical and organic chemistry, molecular physics, molecular biology, radiobiology and bacteriology. They also represented a wide variety of countries viz. Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Hungary, India, Italy, Poland, Turkey, U.S.A., U.K. and Yugoslavia.

Published a few years after the author's death, this volume is a sequel to his 1964 book, Fast Reactions in Solution; the material is entirely new, extending investigation beyond now well-established fast-reaction techniques to consider their contribution to understanding events on the molecular scale. After an introductory chapter on origins, methods, mechanisms, and rate constants, coverage includes the rates of diffusion-controlled reactions, mathematical theory of diffusion, flash photolysis techniques, fluorescence quenching, Marcus theory involving proton-transfer and group-transfer reactions in solutions, and electron-transfer reactions. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.

Probes developments and trends in research and clinical applications of vitamin E, discussing its chemistry and biochemistry and natural occurence in nuts, seeds, whole grains and vegetable and fish-liver oils. The book covers new findings on the role of vitamin E as a biological response modifier.

Pulse Radiolysis presents an in-depth discussion of the pulse radiolysis technique, one of the most important and powerful means for detecting transient and relaxation phenomena and following their behavior in irradiated systems. The book covers the principle of pulse radiolysis, identifies various kinds of pulse radiolysis techniques, and discusses recent advancements in the field. The text also discusses new experimental pulse radiolysis techniques (basic and applied) in broad scientific fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. These techniques include picosecond pulse radiolysis, single particle radiolysis, and muon-induced transient phenomena. Pulse Radiolysis provides essential information for all professionals involved with pulse radiolysis research.

It is now more than 20 years since the book "Radical Ions" edited by Kaiser and Kevan appeared. It contained aspects regarding generation, identification, spin density determination and reactivity of charged molecules with an odd number of electrons. New classes of reactive ion radicals have been detected and characterised since then, most notably cation radicals of saturated organic compounds. Trapping of electrons has been found to occur not only in frozen glasses but also in organic crystals. The structure and reactions of anion radicals of saturated compounds have been clarified during the last 20 years. We have asked leading experts in the field to write separate chapters about cation radicals, anion radicals and trapped electrons as well as more complex systems of biological or technological interest. More attention is paid to recent studies of the ions of saturated compounds than to the older and previously reviewed work on aromatic ions. In the case of trapped electrons full coverage is out of the question, and focus is on recent efforts to characterise the solvation structure in ordered and disordered systems.

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada

Interest in the science of exercise dates back to the time of ancient Greece. Today exercise is viewed not only as a leisurely activity but also as an effective preventive and therapeutic tool in medicine. Further biomedical studies in exercise physiology and biochemistry reports that strenuous physical exercise might cause oxidative lipid damage in various tissues. The generation of reactive oxygen species is elevated to a level that overwhelms the tissue antioxidant defense systems resulting in oxidative stress. The Handbook of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Exercise examines the different aspects of exercise-induced oxidative stress, its management, and how reactive oxygen may affect the functional capacity of various vital organs and tissues. It includes key related issues such as analytical methods, environmental factors, nutrition, aging, organ function and several pathophysiological processes. This timely publication will be of relevance to those in biomedical science and was designed to be readily understood by the general scientific audience.

The free-radical chemistry of DNA had been discussed in some detail in 1987 in my book The Chemical Basis of Radiation Biology. Obviously, the more recent developments and the concomitant higher level of understanding of mechanistic details are missing. Moreover, in the living cell, free-radical DNA damage is not only induced by ionizing radiation, but free-radical-induced DNA damage is a much more general phenomenon. It was, therefore, felt that it is now timely to review our present knowledge of free-radical-induced DNA damage induced by all conceivable free-radical-generating sources. Originally, it had been thought to include also a very important aspect, the repair of DNA damage by the cell’s various repair enzymes. Kevin Prise (Cancer Campaign, Gray Laboratory, L- don) was so kind to agree to write this part. However, an adequate description of this strongly expanding area would have exceeded the allocated space by much, and this section had to be omitted. The directors of the Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie (now MPI für Bioanorganische Chemie), Karl Wieghardt and Wolfgang Lubitz, kindly allowed me to continue to use its facilities after my retirement in 2001. Notably, our - brarian, Mrs. Jutta Theurich, and her right-hand help, Mrs. Rosemarie Schr- er, were most helpful in getting hold of the literature. I thank them very much. Without their constant help, this would have been very difficult indeed.