The Technology Of Instrument Transformers

Existing instrument transformer technologies as well as new measuring principles for current and voltage measurement are described in this book. The properties of conventional current and voltage transformer as well as the dimensioning are discussed in details out of the long experience of the authors. Especially the dielectric dimensioning and the used materials are discussed. Beside this an overview over new modern measuring principles is given and the technology of low-power instrument transformer, and RC-dividers are shown.

"Instrument Transformers" serves as an indispensable guide for electrical engineers and professionals navigating the complexities of measuring high-voltage currents and potentials. In the realm of electrical engineering, direct measurement of voltages and currents in the "kilo" or "mega" range presents significant challenges, not only due to the sheer magnitude of these values but also because of the safety and accuracy concerns involved. Instrument transformers, including current transformers (CTs), potential transformers (PTs), and capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs), emerge as critical tools in mitigating these challenges, enabling precise and safe measurements by converting high values to more manageable levels. This book delves into the crucial aspects of instrument transformers, offering a comprehensive exploration of their design, operation, and application within electrical systems. By providing detailed technical data and insights, it aims to equip readers with the knowledge needed to effectively utilize these transformers in real-world settings. The focus extends beyond theoretical understanding, emphasizing practical solutions to the technical problems that electrical engineers frequently encounter in their fieldwork. Whether it's for performance evaluation, quality analysis, or the smooth and safe operation of electrical systems, "Instrument Transformers" stands as a vital resource. It promises not only to enlighten its readers on the fundamental principles and applications of instrument transformers but also to guide them through troubleshooting and problem-solving processes, ensuring efficiency and safety in electrical measurement and control operations.

This book is devoted to one of the main problems of modern electrical power engineering—power transformer diagnostics. The first three chapters discuss the fundamentals: The first chapter presents the physical reasons for power transformers’ failures and the technical and economic consequences of disruption of the normal operation. The second chapter reviews the standard technologies for monitoring the state of the high-voltage transformers. The third chapter tells about monitoring the condition of transformer windings based on the pulse method. The fourth chapter presents the technologies for transformer windings condition controlled by means of nanosecond pulses. The stages of improving the pulsed method based on a short probing pulse of the nanosecond range, the results of experiments on identifying the radial and axial displacements of the winding, studies of the effect of the duration and shape of the probing pulse on the sensitivity of the diagnostic procedure, and the stages of developing a mathematical as well as physical model of a power transformer are consistently presented.