Toward Xenopolis

Essays by a founder of the Borderland Foundation in East-Central Europe explore the meanings of community in a fractured world.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, newly formed transitional regimes took up the challenging task of democratization. Democracy promotion in some cases produced unintended consequences. A retrospective evaluation of the Georgian case shows that democracy emerged in Georgia partly as a result of competition between the West and Russia. This important book explores the conditions under which external pressures can lead to democracy and argues that competition between great powers incentivizes the emergence of policy compromises between local and external actors.

The thirst for post-World War II justice transcended the Cold War and mobilized diverse social groups. This is a story of their multilayered and at times conflictual interactions.

During World War II, even though Bulgaria was an ally of the Third Reich, it never deported its Jewish community. Until recently, this image of the country as an heroic exception has prevailed—despite the murder of almost all Jews living in Bulgarian-occupied territories. Nadège Ragaru presents a riveting archival investigation of the origins and perpetuation of Bulgaria's heroic narrative, restoring Jewish voices to the story. Translated from the original French edition. On publication this book is available as an Open Access eBook under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.

"This book investigates the long-term preconditions of lasting and successful democratization. It counters conventional wisdom that they are a matter of proper institutional design, or that the political culture of democracy is a by-product of modernizing economic change. Instead, it argues that achieving lasting democracy is difficult without a prior breakthrough to individualism: a system of beliefs centered on the belief in one's inner worth and in one's inner capacity for judgment. The rise of an individualist belief system that is widely proliferated in society requires social conditions that are in turn hard to meet, including a widespread breakdown of traditional culture, a frontier experience, and a process of civic nation building. The book's empirical focus, Poland, demonstrates the logic of the individuation process in a condensed form. Poland's road to individualism (and with it, to democracy) consisted of a catastrophic uprooting of broad segments of society in the aftermath of World War II, the rise of a frontier environment in the Western Territories acquired from Germany, and an unlikely emergence of the Catholic Church as a civic nation-builder in these Territories in the 1960s and the 1970s. However, the Polish case is not unique, and the book offers an analytical approach that could successfully be brought to bear on other cases of democratization, both past and present"--

A critical examination of the category of "Polishness" - that is, the formation, redefinition, and performance of various kinds of Polish identities - from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. Inspired by new research in the humanities and social sciences as well as recent scholarship on national identities, this volume offers a rigorous examination of the idea of Polishness. Offering a diversity of case studies and methodological-theoretical approaches, it demonstrates a profound connection between national and transnational processes and places the Polish case in a broader context. This broader context stretches from a larger Eastern European one, a usual frame of comparison, to the overseas immigrant communities. The authors, renowned scholars from Europe and the United States, thus demonstrate that an understanding of modern Polish identity means crossing not only historical but also geographical boundaries. Consequently, the narrative on Polish identity that unfolds in the volume is a personalized and multivocal one that presents the perspectives of a wide range of subjects: peasants, workers, migrants, ethnic and sexual minorities-that is, all those actors who have been absent in grand national narratives. As such, the examination of Polishness sheds light on the identity question more broadly, emphasizing the interplay of pluralizing and homogenizing tendencies, and fostering a reflection on national identity as encompassing both sameness and difference.

In Germany the end of World War II calls forth images of obliterated cities, hungry refugees, and ghostly monuments to Nazi crimes. Drawing on diaries, photographs, essays, reports, fiction and film, Werner Sollors makes visceral the sorrow and anger, guilt and pride, despondency and resilience of a defeated people--and the paradoxes of occupation.

This interdisciplinary study explores the legacies of Japanese American World War II internment experiences and the factors influencing the construction and mediation of cultural memory and national/ethnic identity in the United States. It discusses issues of contested memory and shows how once repressed historic events are selectively commemorated or even erased. By focusing on representations of Japanese American internment experiences recovered, reframed or created since the 1980s, the study acknowledges that these experiences continue to be reevaluated in a climate of ethnic politicization. Covering sites of memory ranging from historic places of Japanese American internment to memorials built both at centers of Japanese American cultural life as well as at centers of national cultural identity, the study also critically approaches sites - or rather sights - in cyberspace that may be visited only virtually, thus taking the scholarship of American memory studies into the digital realm.