Toxicology Reference Data Wistar Rat

Boorman’s Pathology of the Rat: Reference and Atlas, Second Edition, continues its history as the most comprehensive pathology reference on rat strains for researchers across science and medicine using rat models in the laboratory. It offers readers an added emphasis on the Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rat strains that is consistent with current research across academia, government, and industry. In addition, the book provides standard diagnostic criteria, basic content on histology, histological changes that result from drug toxicity and neoplasm, pathology terminology, and four-color photographs from the NTP archive and database. With updated references and photographs, as well as coverage of all rat strains, this book is not only the standard in the field, but also an invaluable resource for toxicologists, biologists, and other scientists engaged in regulatory toxicology who must make the transition from pathology results to the promulgation of meaningful regulations. Contains full, four color photographs from the NTP archive and database and coverage of all rat strains Provides an organ-by-organ and system-by-system approach that presents standard diagnostic criteria and basic content on histology and histological changes Includes comprehensive and detailed background incidence data Presents detailed descriptive content regarding changes in rat models during research

This text provides a complete account of this particular rat strain. The book includes extensive data on reproductive indices, congenital abnormalities, growth, clinical signs, mortality, organ weights and chemical pathology. The data are derived from around 9000 control animals used in toxicology studies of two weeks to two years duration, completed between 1960 and 1992, and include 24 two-year studies and one life-span study of a 51 month duration. These extended periods of study have shown that many diseases are seen more frequently in later years.; Diseases are dealt with by body system and include clinical signs, macroscopic features and histopathology illustrations of the important or unusual diseases. Incidence levels are provided for all diseases and these are compared with published data for other rat strains.

Nervous system is in the most cases a likely target for the untoward effects of chemicals. The harmful consequences affect primarily the individual but may also considerably strain the whole society. The consumption of ethanol is a glaring example (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 1978). As ethanol, many organic liquids have similar immediate effects on the nervous system. The rapidity of the response suggests the involvement of the neuronal communication. The nervous system is also vulnerable to the depletion of oxygen, another common cause for the rapid deterioration of the brain function. It is quite impossible to list all the effects produced by the very large number of the individual chemicals. It would be more fruitful to try to understand the characteristics of the nervous system and the biochemical toxic mechanisms in the evaluation of the neurotoxicity of chemicals. Transfer of Xenobiotics in the Brain The adult central nervous system displays a functional barrier toward the blood-borne chemicals so that water-soluble compounds with an approximate molecular weight above 100 are largely prevented from directly entering the brain (Bradbury 1979). The functional barrier has morphological features typical to it and has a very close association of adjacent capillary cells separated by clefts of 12 A wide (Jacobs 1978). The nervous system capillaries are enveloped by glial cell tongues, and these pericytes contain contractile elements (Le Beux and Willemot 1978a, b) so that the capillaries can be constricted.

US/Japan meetings on laboratory animal science have been held virtually every year since 1980 under the US/Japan Cooperative Program on Science and Technology. Over the years these meetings have resulted in a number of important documents including the Manual of Microbiologic Monitoring of Laboratory Animals published in 1994 and the article Establishment and Preservation of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats for General Purposes. In addition to these publications, the meetings have been instrumental in increasing awareness of the need for microbiologic monitoring of laboratory rodents and the need for genetic definition and monitoring of mice and rats. In cooperation with the Comparative Medicine section of NCRR/NIH, the ILAR Council and staff are pleased to become the host for this important annual meeting and look forward to participating in future meetings. The support and sponsorship of NCRR (P40 RR 11611) in the United States and the Central Institute for Experimental Animals in Japan are gratefully acknowledged. Bringing together the leading scientists in the field of laboratory animal care has resulted in increased understanding of American and Japanese approaches to laboratory animal science and should continue to strengthen efforts to harmonize approaches aimed at resolving common challenges in the use of animal models for biomedical research and testing. This effort to improve understanding and cooperation between Japan and the United States should also be useful in developing similar interaction with other regions of the world including Europe, Australia, and Southeast Asia.

10+ Years of Updates Since First Edition Newcomers to the animal clinical chemistry and toxicology fields quickly find that the same rules of human medicine do not always apply. Following in the footsteps of its standard-setting first edition, Animal Clinical Chemistry: A Practical Handbook for Toxicologists and Biomedical Researchers, Second Edition collates information widely dispersed in journals and book chapters, focusing on the most relevant literature to experimental toxicology and its distinction from human medicine. Expands Discussion of Troponins, Lipids, and Electrolytes In addition to tests recommended by regulatory authorities, this globally relevant resource includes information about clinical chemistry tests as well as hepato-, nephro-, cardio-, and endocrine toxicity. It also covers pre-analytical and analytical variables, which play a far more important role with interpreting data from animal studies as compared to human studies when variables can be well controlled with less physiological effect. Furthermore, this edition takes its discussion of biomarkers to the next level, exploring newer and related investigations, such as metabolomics/NMR and multiplex technology. Under the editorial guidance of G.O. Evans, a recognized field authority, the book presents background information on the selection and application of biochemical tests in preclinical safety assessment studies. It also assesses specific organ toxicity, such as in the liver, kidney, and thyroid, along with regulatory requirements and statistical approaches. Careful to avoid delving into overly complex detail, this text is a comprehensive, practical reference ideal for new entrants to the field. However, its broad scope and depth also make it suitable for more seasoned scientists and toxicologists.