Transmission Lines In Digital And Analog Electronic Systems

In the last 30 years there have been dramatic changes in electrical technology--yet the length of the undergraduate curriculum has remained four years. Until some ten years ago, the analysis of transmission lines was a standard topic in the EE and CpE undergraduate curricula. Today most of the undergraduate curricula contain a rather brief study of the analysis of transmission lines in a one-semester junior-level course on electromagnetics. In some schools, this study of transmission lines is relegated to a senior technical elective or has disappeared from the curriculum altogether. This raises a serious problem in the preparation of EE and CpE undergraduates to be competent in the modern industrial world. For the reasons mentioned above, today's undergraduates lack the basic skills to design high-speed digital and high-frequency analog systems. It does little good to write sophisticated software if the hardware is unable to process the instructions. This problem will increase as the speeds and frequencies of these systems continue to increase seemingly without bound. This book is meant to repair that basic deficiency.

This lecture provides an introduction to transmission line effects in the time domain. Fundamentals including time of flight, impedance discontinuities, proper termination schemes, nonlinear and reactive loads, and crosstalk are considered. Required prerequisite knowledge is limited to conventional circuit theory. The material is intended to supplement standard textbooks for use with undergraduate students in electrical engineering or computer engineering. The contents should also be of value to practicing engineers with interests in signal integrity and high-speed digital design. Table of Contents: Introduction / Solution of the Transmission Line Equations / DC Signals on a Resistively Loaded Transmission Line / Termination Schemes / Equivalent Circuits, Cascaded Lines, and Fan-Outs / Initially-Charged Transmission Lines / Finite Duration Pulses on Transmission Lines / Transmission Lines with Reactive Terminations / Lines with Nonlinear Loads / Crosstalk on Weakly Coupled Transmission Lines

This is a brief but comprehensive book covering the set of EMC skills that EMC practitioners today require in order to be successful in high-speed, digital electronics. The basic skills in the book are new and weren’t studied in most curricula some ten years ago. The rapidly changing digital technology has created this demand for a discussion of new analysis skills particularly for the analysis of transmission lines where the conductors that interconnect the electronic modules have become “electrically large,” longer than a tenth of a wavelength, which are increasingly becoming important. Crosstalk between the lines is also rapidly becoming a significant problem in getting modern electronic systems to work satisfactorily. Hence this text concentrates on the modeling of “electrically large” connection conductors where previously-used Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws and lumped-circuit modeling have become obsolete because of the increasing speeds of modern digital systems. This has caused an increased emphasis on Signal Integrity. Until as recently as some ten years ago, digital system clock speeds and data rates were in the hundreds of megahertz (MHz) range. Prior to that time, the “lands” on printed circuit boards (PCBs) that interconnect the electronic modules had little or no impact on the proper functioning of those electronic circuits. Today, the clock and data speeds have moved into the low gigahertz (GHz) range.

The coming of digital electronics has given rise to many textbook- outstanding among which are the authoritative works of Douglas Lewin- dealing, in the main, with the combinational and sequential logic aspects of system design. By comparison, the coverage of digital hardware has been meagre: in particular, books on logic circuit interconnections have been scarce in number. When circuits operated at relatively low speeds this did not cause major problems to engineers and students, but the increasing use of fast, and very fast, logic circuits employed extensively in modern digital systems has brought the requirement for properly-designed transmission paths between printed circuit boards, on the boards, and even in the integrated circuit packages themselves. turn, has necessitated a physical understanding of line pulse This, in behaviour, and an ability to design practically appropriate interconnection systems, by a far wider audience of engineers, scientists and students than has been the case hitherto. For many years the study of transmission lines was, primarily, the province of the telecommunications engineer sending high-frequency radio signals to antennas for radiation into space, and the power engineer working at low frequencies (50/60 Hz) but with corresponding wavelengths comparable with the relatively large distances involved in the supply of power from generating stations to remote users. The textbook treatment of lines was well established, but based mainly on the assumption of sinusoidal signals. This 'frequency-domain' approach is not best suited to the understanding of the transmission of digital signals.

In the development of telecommunication networks throughout the world, digital transmission has now replaced analog transmission as the predominant choice for new transmission facilities. This trend began in the early 1960s when the American Telephone and Telegraph Company first introduced pulse code modulation as a means of increasing capacity in their cable plant. Since that time, digital transmission applications have grown dramatically, notably in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Western Europe. With the rapidity of digital transmission developments and imple mentation, however, there has been a surprising lack of textbooks written on the subject. This book grew out of my work, research, and teaching in digital transmission systems. My objective is to provide an overview of the subject. To accomplish this end, theory has been blended with practice in order to illustrate how one applies theoretical principles to actual design and imple mentation. The book has abundant design examples and references to actual systems. These examples have been drawn from common carriers, manufac turers, and my own experience. Considerable effort has been made to include up-to-date standards, such as those published by the CCITT and CCIR, and to interpret their recommendations in the context of present-day digital transmission systems.

The content has been carefully designed to meet the requirements of first and second year students of electronic engineering, communications engineering and telecommunications, following full honours degree programs or two-year courses including HNC/HND. A completely new analog electronics textbook for the digital age Coverage ideal for courses with a communications / wireless focus

This lecture provides an introduction to transmission line effects in the time domain. Fundamentals including time of flight, impedance discontinuities, proper termination schemes, nonlinear and reactive loads, and crosstalk are considered. Required prerequisite knowledge is limited to conventional circuit theory. The material is intended to supplement standard textbooks for use with undergraduate students in electrical engineering or computer engineering. The contents should also be of value to practicing engineers with interests in signal integrity and high-speed digital design. Table of Contents: Introduction / Solution of the Transmission Line Equations / DC Signals on a Resistively Loaded Transmission Line / Termination Schemes / Equivalent Circuits, Cascaded Lines, and Fan-Outs / Initially-Charged Transmission Lines / Finite Duration Pulses on Transmission Lines / Transmission Lines with Reactive Terminations / Lines with Nonlinear Loads / Crosstalk on Weakly Coupled Transmission Lines