Trilogy Of Numbers And Arithmetic Book 1 History Of Numbers And Arithmetic An Information Perspective

The book is the first in the trilogy which will bring you to the fascinating world of numbers and operations with them. Numbers provide information about myriads of things. Together with operations, numbers constitute arithmetic forming in basic intellectual instruments of theoretical and practical activity of people and offering powerful tools for representation, acquisition, transmission, processing, storage, and management of information about the world.The history of numbers and arithmetic is the topic of a variety of books and at the same time, it is extensively presented in many books on the history of mathematics. However, all of them, at best, bring the reader to the end of the 19th century without including the developments in these areas in the 20th century and later. Besides, such books consider and describe only the most popular classes of numbers, such as whole numbers or real numbers. At the same time, a diversity of new classes of numbers and arithmetic were introduced in the 20th century.This book looks into the chronicle of numbers and arithmetic from ancient times all the way to 21st century. It also includes the developments in these areas in the 20th century and later. A unique aspect of this book is its information orientation of the exposition of the history of numbers and arithmetic.

The main part of the book consists of the dialogue between physicist Otto Rössler, and artist and AI researcher Bill Seaman with the commentaries disclosing information perspective by information scientist Mark Burgin and Bill Seaman. In this dialogue, Rössler and Seaman discuss concepts surrounding Rössler's major research over his lifetime. Additionally, each research topic is linked to the set of papers and books published by Rössler and other related collaborative researchers. The goal is to delineate an intellectual directory for future researchers. The discussed topics being transdisciplinary in nature cross many fields in science and technology. A comprehensive historical bibliography is also included. The work explores many fields germane to theoretical science as Rössler was often quite early in developing these fields and interacting with many famous scientists. This work pertains to information theory, which has often been left out of the historical literature.Burgin as an expert in information theory is providing an information perspective on this dialogue adding historical discussion and relevant scientific and mathematical underpinnings of the discussed ideas. His observations are complemented by Seaman, who presents the synthesis of artistic and scientific outlook.Addendum contains articles describing Rössler's relationships to colleagues from multiple fields, a parable by Rössler and papers related to Rössler's research and theoretical models of processes in the universe.

This book is about the nature of information. It touches on many core issues of philosophy of the mind, ontology, and epistemology, and draws in several domain-specific concepts from physics, mathematics, thermodynamics, computer science, and biology. The terms used in this book, such as the mind, a conscious agent, meaning, and knowledge are used with very precise meanings because they can be easily misinterpreted. A proper understanding of these terms can be gained from the referenced literature. But more specifically, this book is about the concept of information as physical phenomenon.The book is a unique exposition of the concept of information as physical phenomenon. It provides the detailed analysis and synthesis of the current conceptualizations of information demonstrating the lack of common definition and their incompleteness. The detailed argument is provided why information may be defined as a physical phenomenon and why this type of information may be seen as fundamental to our understanding of this concept.

This book is a scientific basis for understanding the urgent need for a Great Transformation to a third step in social evolution. Already being a community of common destiny, humanity can form an actual unity through diversity to avoid extinction. Social actors can recognise informational imperatives for cognition, communication and co-operation to achieve such a unity. By doing so, they apply a logic that underlies the structuration of any agency, which is a real logic of self-organising systems from the physical to the social. This logic is the Logic of the Third — the Third is a meta-structure that emerges in a leap. The agents interact and when they co-act they are likely to form a real meta-structure of organisational relations. Informational agents anticipate this by generating requisite information in their attempt to cope with complex challenges. Such an information is a meta-structure too. The Third helps achieve synergy effects.This book discusses considerations from philosophy, systems theory, the study of information, social systems, social information, ecology and technology. It addresses ethical issues connected with the long-forgotten arms race in an atomic age, the global warming not yet under control, the pandemic misunderstood, the social question still unanswered.

This book deals with two main topics. The first is a theory that aims to unify the many interpretations of probability presented in the literature. The second uses this comprehensive theory of probability to answer the questions of quantum mechanics that have long been debated. The entire book proposes original solutions that several experimental cases substantiate.

Learn the history of number systems with this engaging book! This text combines mathematics and literacy skills, and uses practical, real-world examples of problem solving to teach math and language arts content. Students will learn place value while reading about the number systems of the Egyptians and Romans, and also learn important vocabulary terms like cuneiform, binary systems, roman numerals, and more! The full-color images, math charts, and practice problems make learning math easy and fun. The table of contents, glossary, and index will further understanding of math and reading concepts. The Math Talk problems and Explore Math sidebars provide additional learning opportunities while developing students’ higher-order thinking skills.

"A graphic nonfiction volume that introduces the history of numbers and number systems"--

This is a book which though small bears evidence of a wonderful amount of research and labor. The author, Professor Conant, has drawn from every possible source to give the reader information upon the origin of number, the use ol numerals, the terms used in mathematics, in the weights and measures, and in every conceivable direction where number comes into use. At first sight the book seems to be dry, or, to say the least, adapted only to the comprehension of those to whom mathematics is a delight or a necessity; but as one looks over the pages very interesting matter is revealed and there is an immense amount of information written in a very attractive style. --"The Buffalo Commercial."Prof. L. L. Conant, of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, in his opening chapter on "Counting'' in his just published work on " The Number Concept, Its Origin and Development," says: "Among the speculative questions which arise in connection with the study of arithmetic from a historical standpoint the origin of number is one that has provoked the most lively discussion and has led to a great amount of learned research among the primitive and savage languages of the human race.Prof. Conant can find no trace in the history of even the most barbarous tribes where there is not at least some familiarity with the number concept. This knowledge is in some cases extremely limited. Among some of the forest tribes of Brazil and the native races of Australia the knowledge of numbers does not go beyond 1 and 2, or 1, 2 and 3, but there is the knowledge all the same. There is at least the concept even in the lowest condition of savagery of a difference between one and two, or at least between one and many.Some idea of the scope of this most interesting work may be had from the chapter titles, Counting, Number System Limits, Origin of Number Words, Miscellaneous Number Bases, The Quinary System, and the Vigesimal System. The work shows great research and Prof. Conant has drawn as far as possible upon original resources. He has also taken great care in the selection of his authorities, and makes his work an attractive one even to those who have little or no interest in mathematics. --"The Boston Daily Advertiser."