Tropical Meteorology

This book is designed as an introductory course in Tropical Meteorology for the graduate or advanced level undergraduate student. The material within can be covered in a one-semester course program. The text starts from the global scale-view of the Tropics, addressing the zonally symmetric and asymmetric features of the tropical circulation. It then goes on to progressively smaller spatial and time scales – from the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Asian Monsoon, down to tropical waves, hurricanes, sea breezes, and tropical squall lines. The emphasis in most chapters is on the observational aspects of the phenomenon in question, the theories regarding its nature and maintenance, and the approaches to its numerical modeling. The concept of scale interactions is also presented as a way of gaining insight into the generation and redistribution of energy for the maintenance of oscillations of a variety of spatial and temporal scales.

A practical manual for training and reference use of USAF weather forecasters who will work in the tropics, it covers basic facts of climatology, circulation, synoptic models, analysis and forecasting, application throughout the tropics. A broad survey is made of the literature, evaluated in light of the experience of the author. Physical factors controlling tropical circulations are briefly discussed. The data sources for synoptic purposes are reviewed. Climatology of pressure, winds, temperature, humidity, clouds, rainfall and disturbances is presented in a form specially suitable for forecasters. Analysis and for forecasting of disturbances, cyclones, severe weather, terminal weather, etc., are treated at length. Emphasis is placed on uses of climatology and satellite cloud photos. Over 230 figures adapted from the literature or prepared by the author serve to illustrate all the essential facts and principles discussed. A summary of the state of art and future outlook of tropical meteorology is included.

This upper-undergraduate/graduate-level textbook introduces students to large-scale tropical climate circulation and its variations, covering their fundamental aspects and our current understanding of how they are impacted in a warming world. From this volume, readers will gain an understanding of tropical climate variability from the meso- to planetary scale. Uniquely, equal emphasis is placed on atmospheric and oceanic processes of tropical phenomena. The book will appeal to senior undergraduate and graduate students across geoscience disciplines, including in meteorology, oceanography, geography, hydrology, and environmental science.

It is a well known fact that with the existing level of available technology, India can easily double its agricultural production and productivity. However, what is preventing us from achieving the above production level is the lack of an efficient administrative organisation which can take the benefits of technological advances to the door steps of farmers. It is clear that the most important issue to be tackled with regard to agricultural development in India in the coming years is not the fabrication of new technologies but development of efficient organisations which will transfer the available technologies into production accomplishments. Thus there is a need for scientific study of organisations dealing with agricultural development. There are very few investigations on functioning of agricultural administration .The present study has been undertaken to analyse the structure, processes and functioning of agricultural administration of agriculturally developed and less developed states. Does the agricultural administration of developed state significantly differ from that of less developed state significantly differ from that of less developed state? If yes, in what dimensions? The present study provides answer to this question. The book, divided into eleven chapters, gives a comparative account of different organisational aspects of department of agriculture in a developed and a less developed states. The items discussed include organisational context, structure, processes, personnel policies, and effectiveness.