Untimed

"Now in a revised and expanded fifth edition that reflects current research and best practices in direct assessment and intervention, this text addresses a perennial need for school practitioners and practitioners in training. Presented is a comprehensive, problem-solving-based approach for working with K-12 students who are struggling with reading, writing, or mathematics. The book provides a framework for evaluating the instructional environment as well as each student's context and unique learning needs; planning instructional modifications; and monitoring progress. The companion workbook, available separately, contains practice exercises and reproducible forms. Subject areas/key words: school psychology texts, assessing, curriculum-based, evaluations, measurement, measures, testing, observation, reading, mathematics, writing, multi-tiered systems of support, MTSS, RTI, learning disabilities, difficulties, struggling readers, students, handbooks Audience: School psychologists, K-12 school administrators, special educators, and classroom teachers; graduate students and researchers in these fields. Together with the companion workbook, will serve as a text in graduate-level courses on academic assessment and intervention"--

This indispensable manual provides a comprehensive guide to one-on-one instruction for struggling readers in grades 1 to 3. The book addresses the "hows," "whats," and "whys" of setting up a volunteer or professional tutoring program, supplies assessment guidelines and reproducible forms, and presents in-depth case studies that demonstrate the nuts and bolts of tutoring three children at different stages of early literacy over an entire school year. Case study chapters offer clear descriptions of lesson plans, instructional activities, and informal assessment procedures, illustrated with realistic examples of student work.

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Concurrency Theory, CONCUR '94, held at Uppsala, Sweden in August 1994. In total, 29 refereed research papers selected from 108 submissions for the conference are presented together with full papers or abstracts of the 5 invited talks by prominent speakers. The book contains recent results on all relevant aspects of concurrency research and thus competently documents the progress of the field since the predecessor conference CONCUR '93, the proceedings of which are published as LNCS 715.

This volume is a corpus study of the construct of accuracy by learners of English as a Foreign Language based on the International Corpus of Learner English. It offers valuable information about the development of more than forty error types in a wide variety of domains such as grammar, lexis, lexico-grammar, spelling and punctuation.

This book highlights the importance of English academic vocabulary for success at university and explores written tasks as effective pedagogical tools to promote the acquisition of academic words. The book reviews germane and recent SLA, psycholinguistic, corpus linguistics, and L2 writing research to underscore the challenges associated with the learning of academic words. Then, it reports on three empirical studies conducted in the Polish context. The first study develops a reliable tool to assess the knowledge of academic vocabulary of undergraduate learners. The second and third studies investigate the learning of academic words after the writing of sentences and argumentative essays, and discuss the role of cognition as a mediator of such learning. The book also provides an accessible introduction to linear mixed-effect models, a powerful, reliable, and flexible statistical technique that has been gaining popularity among SLA and psycholinguistics researchers.

The CSP approach has been widely used in the specification, analysis and verification of concurrent and real-time systems, and for understanding the particular issues that can arise when concurrency is present. It provides a language which enables specifications and designs to be clearly expressed and understood, together with a supporting theory which allows them to be analyzed and shown to be correct. This book supports advanced level courses on concurrency covering timed and untimed CSP. The first half introduces the language of CSP, the primary semantic models (traces, failures, divergences and infinite traces), and their use in the modelling, analysis and verification of concurrent systems. The second half of the book introduces time into the language, brings in the timed semantic model (timed failures) and finally presents the theory of timewise refinement which links the two halves together. Accompanying website: http://www.cs.rhbnc.ac.uk/books/concurrency Containing the following: -Exercises and solutions -Instructors resources - Example CSP programs to run on FDR and ProBe -Links to useful sites Partial Contents: Part I: The Language of CSP; Sequential Processes; Concurrency; Abstraction and Control Flow; Part II: Analyzing Processes; Traces; Specification and Verification with Traces; Stable Failures; Specification and Verification with Failures; Failures, Divergences, and Infinite Traces; Part III: Introducing Time; The Timed Language; Timed transition systems; Part IV: Timed Analysis; Semantics of Timed CSP; Timed Specification and Verification; Timewise Refinement; Appendix A: Event-based Time; A.1 Standard CSP and $tock$; A.2 Translating from Timed CSP; A.3 Notes; Appendix B: Model-checking with FDR; B.1 Interacting with FDR; B.2 How FDR Checks Refinement; B.3 Machine readable CSP; Index of Processes.

This book is the combined proceedings of the latest IFIP Formal Description Techniques (FDTs) and Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification (PSTV) series. It addresses FDTs applicable to communication protocols and distributed systems, with special emphasis on standardised FDTs. It features state-of-the-art in theory, application, tools and industrialisation of formal description.