Urban Structure And The Labour Market

Today, most people live and work in cities and as a result, most social and economic issues have a significant urban dimension. Considerable attention has been devoted to understanding where and how residential location affects urban activity, yet little of this effort has been directed to work and what determines location choices in cities. This study addresses this question by providing a theory based on modern labor economics, which complements the residential location theory at the core of recent urban studies. It analyzes the importance of workplace location in assessing matters of spatial structure, commuting patterns, underemployment, and the formation of urban ghettoes. The book lucidly blends theoretical analysis with empirical evidence, especially that from transportation survey data.

Economic analysis of labour market and occupational structures in urban areas of developing countries - examines the impact of economic development and urbanization on labour supply and urban unemployment; includes a literature survey and evaluation of case studies of labour market segmentation, labour force participation and wage structure; tackles institutional framework, internal migration, labour mobility, etc. ILO mentioned. References, statistical tables.

There has been a tremendous explosion of interest in European urban history in the last decades. Across Europe we see a spate of new research projects and publications examining the economic, demographic, social and cultural devel opments of the many thousands of urban centres -metropolitan cities, regional cities and small towns. This is hardly surprising because urban development has been one of the principal forces shaping the transformation of Europe from the Renaissance to the contemporary era. One striking feature of the new work is its strongly interdisciplinary character with economists, archaeologists, geographers, art historians and sociologists, as well as historians, collaborating in research. Another feature of current approaches is the stress on comparative urban history -using the variable pat terns of development in different countries to shed light not only on structural variations but on the process of urban change itself. Testifying to this enthusiasm for comparative history since 1990 the European Association of Urban Historians (instituted by the European Union) has organ ised large -scale comparative conferences on the European city at Amsterdam, Strasbourg and Budapest. Since the 1980s there has also been a network of Eu ropean institutions (including the universities of Leicester, New University of Lisbon, Leiden, Cantabria, Humboldt University, Berlin, and Strasbourg, Gent and Leuven) actively involved in student teaching programmes in the fiel- with support from the European Union ERASMUS programme.

In recent years, the local dimensions of the labour market have attracted increasing attention from academic analysts and public policy-makers alike. There is growing realization that there is no such thing as the national labour market, instead a mosaic of local and regional markets that differ in nature, performance and regulation. Geographies of Labour Market Inequality is concerned with these multiple geographies of employment, unemployment, work and incomes, and their implications for public policy.

Simple models of urban search matching -- Extensions of urban search-matching models -- Non-monocentric cities and search-matching -- Simple models of urban efficiency wages -- Extensions of urban efficiency wage models -- Non-monocentric cities and efficiency wages -- The spatial mismatch hypothesis : a search-matching approach -- The spatial mismatch hypothesis : an efficiency-wage approach -- Peer effects, social networks, and labor market outcomes in cities -- General conclusion -- Appendix A: basic urban economics -- Appendix B: Poisson process and derivation of Bellman equations -- Appendix C: The Harris-Todaro model.

Economic analysis of local level rural areas and urban areas labour markets in South-Eastern USA - examines the social structure and economic structure; reviews labour market related economic theories and economic research, as well as its classification; looks at theoretical economic models and analysis design; analyses occupational and income allocation, labour market types and the social division of labour; discusses further research needs. Graphs, references, statistical tables.