Water In Disperse Systems

This volume is the last in the series comprising "Water-A Comprehensive Treatise. " It was originally planned to combine aqueous solutions of macro molecules and disperse systems in one volume, but largely because of the extensive coverage required by recent developments in aqueous solutions of proteins and synthetic polymers I decided to separate topics dealing with water in disperse systems. The systems treated in the present volume are of a complex nature so that the theoretical frameworks established earlier in Volume 1 and utilized in Volumes 2 and 3 cannot at the present time be applied. On the other hand the systems discussed in Volumes 4 and 5 in particular, border on the many biological and technological areas where important attributes are related to the common factor-water. Included among such diverse problem areas are food processing and preservation, cryopreservation, paper and textile finishing, membrane processes, hemodynamics, etc. It is to be hoped that in days to come some of the results and principles discussed in these five volumes can be applied to improve our understanding of the complex in teractions in medically and industrially important spheres of scientific ac tivity. An age seems to have passed since the concept of creating this treatise was first discussed, and since work began on Volume 1, much has happened in the science of Water; some of the recent developments were highlighted at this year's Gordon Research Conference in Plymouth, N. H.

This volume is the last in the series comprising "Water-A Comprehensive Treatise. " It was originally planned to combine aqueous solutions of macro molecules and disperse systems in one volume, but largely because of the extensive coverage required by recent developments in aqueous solutions of proteins and synthetic polymers I decided to separate topics dealing with water in disperse systems. The systems treated in the present volume are of a complex nature so that the theoretical frameworks established earlier in Volume 1 and utilized in Volumes 2 and 3 cannot at the present time be applied. On the other hand the systems discussed in Volumes 4 and 5 in particular, border on the many biological and technological areas where important attributes are related to the common factor-water. Included among such diverse problem areas are food processing and preservation, cryopreservation, paper and textile finishing, membrane processes, hemodynamics, etc. It is to be hoped that in days to come some of the results and principles discussed in these five volumes can be applied to improve our understanding of the complex in teractions in medically and industrially important spheres of scientific ac tivity. An age seems to have passed since the concept of creating this treatise was first discussed, and since work began on Volume 1, much has happened in the science of Water; some of the recent developments were highlighted at this year's Gordon Research Conference in Plymouth, N. H.

V.4 Aqueous solutions of amphiphiles and macromolecules. Author, subject and compound indexes.

This book presents comprehensively the science and technology behind the formulation of disperse systems like emulsions, suspensions, foams and others. Starting with a general introduction, the book covers a broad range of topics like the role of different classes of surfactants, stability of disperse systems, formulation of different dispersions, evaluation of formulations and many more. Many examples are included, too. Written by the experienced author and editor Tharwart Tadros, this book is indispensable for every scientist working in the field.

This book describes different aspects of characterization and detection of nanomaterials in liquid disperse systems, such as suspensions, emulsions and suspoemulsions. Natural and technical particulate nanomaterials (NMs) are often present in formulations and products consisting of several disperse phases and complex dispersion media. Specific interfacial properties of the particles, their interactions with each other and with the dispersion medium, have to be considered. For example, the interfacial properties determine whether the particles tend to be arranged in aqueous or lipid phases or at their phase boundaries. The interfacial properties are significantly influenced by the adsorption of dissolved species, i.e., they depend on the composition of the dispersion medium. This poses great challenges for the characterization of these nanoparticle systems and requires adequate preparation methods. The nanoparticle measurement techniques aim at a deep physico-chemical understanding of the dispersity state of nanoparticle systems. Since the dispersity state of nanoparticle systems in an application usually does not correspond to their original manufacturing process, the formulation of new or improved product properties is of decisive importance. The characterization of nanoparticles in complex formulations or matrices requires an adequate sample preparation based on an existing or yet to be developed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The structure of the SOPs includes the dispersion regulations, which are of essential importance for comparing reproducible results of nanoparticle measurement with respect to comparability and transferability worldwide. The aim is to separate and isolate relevant NMs with knowledge of the interrelationships.

Physical–Chemical Mechanics of Disperse Systems and Materials is a novel interdisciplinary area in the science of the disperse state of matter. It covers the broad spectrum of objects and systems with dimensions ranging from nanometers to millimeters and establishes a fundamental basis for controlling and tuning the properties of these systems as well as the processes taking place in them. Physical–chemical mechanics focuses on the analysis of the complex physical–chemical interfacial phenomena taking place both in the transition of a dispersed system into a material, such as in the course of pressing, sintering, hydration hardening, and sol-gel transitions, and in the course of the dispersion of bulk materials taking place in milling, mechanical treatment, friction and wear, and fracturing. These studies are based on thorough experimental investigation of contact interactions between particles in these processes. The book is divided into two sections. The first section covers basic principles of the formation, stability and rupture of contacts between particles in different media and in surfactant solutions, as well as the properties of coagulation structures and their rheology. The second section covers surface phenomena taking place in solid-like structures with phase contacts and in compact bodies with an emphasis on several applications and processes as well as the special role of the Rehbinder effect. Where appropriate and relevant, the book presents essays on specific significant and principal studies, such as the damageability of crystal and glass surfaces, the strength of industrial catalysts, the nano-mechanisms of cement hardening, the role of the structure-mechanical barrier in the stabilization of fluorinated systems, and contact interactions in papermaking. It also devotes attention to experimental methods used in physical–chemical mechanics, the direct measurement of contact strength, and relevant instrumentations. The book utilizes the content used over many years in lecture courses and includes fundamental material on colloid and surface chemistry, the strength of materials, rheology, and tensors, which makes it well suited for novices and experts in the field.

This highly detailed reference represents an elaborate development of the theory of processing oil and natural gas and its application in the field -- indispensable for graduate engineering students and professionals alike. The renowned expert author, a professor at Moscow State University, has ample experience in both lecturing and publishing, albeit in the Russian language. This book is thus the first to provide a translation compiling his extensive knowledge, much of which remained unpublished due to security restrictions in the former Soviet Union. Based upon and compiled from Professor Sinaiski's university lectures, the first chapters treat the technical facilities for preparing and processing natural hydrocarbon substances. The following systematic approach go on to explain the behaviors of fluids, gases and droplets separately for solutions, suspensions and emulsions, as well as for gas-liquid mixtures. The resulting work is of interest both for senior students as well as for engineers working in this field.