Well Logging

This hand guide in the Gulf Drilling Guides series offers practical techniques that are valuable to petrophysicists and engineers in their day-to-day jobs. Based on the author’s many years of experience working in oil companies around the world, this guide is a comprehensive collection of techniques and rules of thumb that work. The primary functions of the drilling or petroleum engineer are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during the course of drilling and testing a well, from data gathering, completion and testing, and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed. This guide supplies these, and many other, answers to their everyday problems. There are chapters on NMR logging, core analysis, sampling, and interpretation of the data to give the engineer a full picture of the formation. There is no other single guide like this, covering all aspects of well logging and formation evaluation, completely updated with the latest techniques and applications. · A valuable reference dedicated solely to well logging and formation evaluation. · Comprehensive coverage of the latest technologies and practices, including, troubleshooting for stuck pipe, operational decisions, and logging contracts. · Packed with money-saving and time saving strategies for the engineer working in the field.

The first edition of this book demystified the process of well log analysis for students, researchers and practitioners. In the two decades since, the industry has changed enormously: technical staffs are smaller, and hydrocarbons are harder to locate, quantify, and produce. New drilling techniques have engendered new measurement devices incorporated into the drilling string. Corporate restructuring and the "graying" of the workforce have caused a scarcity in technical competence involved in the search and exploitation of petroleum. The updated 2nd Edition reviews logging measurement technology developed in the last twenty years, and expands the petrophysical applications of the measurements.

This book primarily focuses on the principles and applications of electric logging, sonic logging, nuclear logging, production logging and NMR logging, especially LWD tools, Sondex production logging tools and other advanced image logging techniques, such as ECLIPS 5700, EXCELL 2000 etc. that have been developed and used in the last two decades. Moreover, it examines the fundamentals of rock mechanics, which contribute to applications concerning the stability of borehole sidewall, safety density window of drilling fluid, fracturing etc. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for a wide range of readers, including students majoring in petrophysics, geophysics, geology and seismology, and engineers working in well logging and exploitation.

A unique description of the latest logging technology and how to apply it not only in standard situations but in other conditions, such as air-filled boreholes and partially-saturated formations, and for other applications such as the estimation of lithology type, shale fraction and the movement of fluids in a borehole. Standard well logging technology was developed primarily to quantify the content of petroleum in fluid-saturated sedimentary formations, however, there are many other uses for the technology. By taking a fundamental approach to tool physics, and covering more topics in greater depth and at a higher technical level, this book enables the reader to understand the technology, to ask the right questions, and then to use the answers. It explores the physical principles behind logging methods, including modern methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance, full-wave acoustic methods, and logging-while-drilling. No other book explains all of these new techniques. However, because log analysts must deal with logs run long ago, descriptions of the older technology are also retained. This comprehensive resource will help the log user review the results from the logging service companies, which run the logs and present the results. Throughout the book, numerical values for the physical properties of fluids and minerals help the readers convert log values to actual formation properties. The explanations of technology, practical examples, and numerical data not only make this book an invaluable reference but also permit readers to improve and correct measurements made in the field. Standard well logging technology was developed primarily to quantify the content of petroleum in fluid-saturated sedimentary formations. However, there are many other uses for the technology. This book covers more topics, in depth, than any other book in the field. It is the only book to cover nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging and borehole gravimetry in any depth. Its high level, mathematically and technically, makes it invaluable. It is the first book to cover modern borehole imaging, measurement of fluid flow, in-situ mineralogical logging, logging while drilling, full-wave acoustic logging and electromagnetic wave resistivity, all of which have gained in importance since the first edition and none of which are explored in detail in any other book. The book helps the log user critically review the results from the logging service companies which run the logs and present the results. It will enable the user to understand the technology, ask the right questions and utilise the answers to improve the results obtained from logging contractors. The book gives practical examples of situations in which the authors' knowledge of the technology permitted them to correct measurements made in the field.

"The aim of this book is to provide students, trainees and engineers with a manual covering all wel-logging measurements ranging from drilling to production, from oil to minerals going by way of geothermal energy. Each chapter is necessarily a summary, especially in the field of conventional measurements which are effectively described by service companies and some authors, but each topic can be followed further by means of the bibliographic lists which give the best references in each field."--Preface

"The aim of this book is to provide students, trainees and engineers with a manual covering all wel-logging measurements ranging from drilling to production, from oil to minerals going by way of geothermal energy. Each chapter is necessarily a summary, especially in the field of conventional measurements which are effectively described by service companies and some authors, but each topic can be followed further by means of the bibliographic lists which give the best references in each field."--Preface

Geophysical Well Logging is a three-chapter text that discusses the physics of well logging measurements. This book describes the techniques universally used in formation evaluation, including electrical, nuclear, and sonic techniques. Chapter 1 deals with the special features of logging measurements, tool design, and the relation between logging and coring. This chapter also examines the hostile downhole environment as basic sonde configurations and combination tools. Chapter 2 discusses elementary interpretation principles, the role of logging in formation evaluation, and the uninitiated to the motivation for the wide variety of measurements found in practice. Chapter 3 investigates the physics behind electrode and induction methods for measuring electrical resistivity, as well as the concepts of geometric factor, skin effect, focused measurements, and pseudo-geometric factor. It also considers significant topics on neutron transport and moderation and their application to neutron sonde design and logging measurements; gamma-ray transport and its application to density and photoelectric-absorption logging; methods for the measurement of gamma-ray spectra; and scintillation and germanium spectrometers. This chapter further explores the body and borehole waves of the sonic methods; waves in porous media; conventional interval-transit-time techniques; and full-waveform analysis methods. Physicists, chemists, and engineers who are interested in geophysical field-measurement methods will greatly benefit from this book.