Why Public Space Matters

Public spaces are vital to a healthy civic life. Even fleeting interactions in such places tend to expand people's horizons. Sidewalks, plazas, public parks, central squares, and public libraries all enhance public life in unique ways. Yet, as Setha Low details in Why Public Space Matters, we are losing public spaces to urban development and the belief that public spaces are expendable. Just as important is the broad and ongoing corporate privatization of public space. This book explores why public spaces are so vitally important today and what we can do about protecting these essential places.

As the subject of earnest discussion, the meaning of space reaches far beyond the horizon of a single discipline. Lukas Feiriss has assembled a collection of international contributions for Space Matters, a publication of the space & design strategies study program of the Univeristy of Art and Design, Linz, Austria to create an inspiring expansion of the contemporary discourse on space. The publication addresses cultural resarchers and readers in creative professions – architects, artists, curators, scientists and students in all the related fields as well as those members of a broader audience that are interested in the incorporation of space and the pratices with which it is designed in cultural, social and humanities-oriented contexts.

In an online, interconnected world, democracy is increasingly made up of wikis and blogs, pokes and tweets. Citizens have become accidental journalists thanks to their handheld devices, politicians are increasingly working online, and the traditional sites of democracy - assemblies, public galleries, and plazas - are becoming less and less relevant with every new technology. And yet, this book argues, such views are leading us to confuse the medium with the message, focusing on electronic transmission when often what cyber citizens transmit is pictures and narratives of real democratic action in physical space. Democratic citizens are embodied, take up space, battle over access to physical resources, and perform democracy on physical stages at least as much as they engage with ideas in virtual space. Combining conceptual analysis with interviews and observation in capital cities on every continent, John Parkinson argues that democracy requires physical public space; that some kinds of space are better for performing some democratic roles than others; and that some of the most valuable kinds of space are under attack in developed democracies. He argues that accidental publics like shoppers and lunchtime crowds are increasingly valued over purposive, active publics, over citizens with a point to make or an argument to listen to. This can be seen not just in the way that traditional protest is regulated, but in the ways that ordinary city streets and parks are managed, even in the design of such quintessentially democratic spaces as legislative assemblies. The book offers an alternative vision for democratic public space, and evaluates 11 cities - from London to Tokyo - against that ideal.

Traditional approaches to understand space tend to view public space mainly as a shell or container, focussing on its morphological structures and functional uses. That way, its ever-changing meanings, contested or challenged uses have been largely ignored, as well as the contextual and on-going dynamics between social actors, their cultures, and struggles. The key role of space in enabling spatial opportunities for social action, the fluidity of its social meaning and the changing degree of "publicness" of a space remain unexplored fields of academic inquiry and professional practice. Public Space and Relational Perspectives offers a different understanding of public spaces in the city. The aim of the book is to (re)introduce the lived experiences in public life into the teaching curricula of those academic disciplines which deal with public space and the built environment, such as architecture, planning and urban design, as well as the social sciences. The book presents conceptual, practical and research challenges and brings together findings from activists, practitioners and theorists. The editors provide eight educational challenges that educators can endorse when training future practitioners and researchers to accept and to engage with the social relations that unfold in and through public space. Cover image: KARO*

This book examines privacy in public space from both legal and regulatory perspectives. With on-going technological innovations such as mobile cameras, WiFi tracking, drones and augmented reality, aspects of citizens’ lives are increasingly vulnerable to intrusion. The contributions describe contemporary challenges to achieving privacy and anonymity in physical public space, at a time when legal protection remains limited compared to ‘private’ space. To address this problem, the book clearly shows why privacy in public space needs defending. Different ways of conceptualizing and shaping such protection are explored, for example through ‘privacy bubbles’, obfuscation and surveillance transparency, as well as revising the assumptions underlying current privacy laws.

Written to complement civil engineers’ technical knowledge, this book explains the sociocultural contextual knowledge that civil engineers need if they are to be effective in their professions. Civil engineers design and build the world in which we all live. The decisions that they make can guide us toward a more sustainable society since the infrastructure that they create has a direct impact on how sustainably we are able to live. Sustainability is value-laden, however, and embedded within larger contexts. Whilst engineers are well versed in technical matters and the evaluation of physical contexts, their education often leaves out essential knowledge about the larger social, cultural, economic, historical, and political contexts in which they operate. This book helps readers to understand contextual knowledge and why context matters—which is useful to engineering students and professionals who have found this topic absent from their education, who would like to understand contextual issues, and who would like to know why they should care. The book lays out essential sociocultural contextual knowledge for today’s civil engineers, relevant across a wide variety of workplaces.

Public places are places where all citizens, irrespective of their race, age, religion, or class level (social or economic), cannot be excluded. It serves to improve the lifestyle experience of its inhabitants, as well as promote social connections. All citizens are responsible for it and are interested in it, and the intervention for change must be the responsibility of all without exception. As such, bottom-up urban planning is essential for urban environments and for transforming nightlife in public places in order to create more meaningful experiences and instill a greater sense of identity and community. Transforming Urban Nightlife and the Development of Smart Public Spaces analyzes the patterns of transformations of nightlife in public life. The book investigates urban nightlife transformations and the challenge of enhancing the sense of belonging in sensitive areas such as local communities and historical sites. The chapters present new insights to control the chaotic intervention related to the elements of traditional or digital technology, whether from citizens themselves or local authorities. The objective also is to document urban nightlife transformations that enhance the sense of belonging in historical sites. Important topics covered include urban-gamification, digital urban art, urban socio-ecosystems, and reimagining space in the urban nightlife. This book is ideal for urban planners, developers, social scientists, technologists, civil engineers, architects, policymakers, government officials, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in urban nightlife and nightscape and the smart technologies used for transformation.