Wooden Images

Using 163 photographs of images carved on the underside of medieval choir stalls in the churches and cathedrals of England in the thirteenth through sixteenth centuries, this work provides a spirited examination of the social history of ordinary men and women during the late-medieval period. This examination is particularly useful in that the choir stalls have become less accessible to the public in recent years. Misericords have received some scholarly attention, but this work is the first to interpret the carvings as social commentary. They are not examined as decorative embellishments or pieces of church furniture, but rather "read" as intimate glimpses into the thoughts, actions, and beliefs of a segment of the English medieval population. Whatever amused, angered, frightened, or elated the common person is recorded here in these extraordinary records.

The book examines the process of symbolic and material alteration of religious images in antiquity, the middle ages and the modern period. The process by which the form and meaning of images are modified and adapted for a new context is defined by a large number of spiritual, religious, artistic, geographical or historical circumstances. This book provides a defined theoretical framework for these symbolic and material alterations based on the concept of iconotropy; that is, the way in which images change and/or alter their meaning. Iconotropy is a key concept in religious history, particularly for periods in which religious changes, often turbulent, took place. In addition, the iconotropic process of appropriating cult images brought with it changes in the materiality of those images. Numerous accounts from antiquity, the middle ages and the modern period detail how cult images were involved in such processes of misinterpretation, both symbolically and materially. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, visual culture and religious history.

This book provides a lot of information on the importance of fishing in ancient Hawaiian society. It includes drawings of fish with both Hawaiian and scientific names.