World Cancer Report 2014 Print Epub

The burden of cancer is immense, not only for affected individuals but also for their relatives and friends. At the community level, cancer poses considerable challenges for the health care systems in poor and rich countries alike. This report provides a unique global view of cancer. It documents the frequency of cancer in different countries, trends in cancer incidence and mortality and it describes the known causes of human cancer. The molecular and cellular basis of the multi-step process of malignant transformation is concisely summarized. The report countains an up to date overview of cancer prevention, including screening programmes for early diagnosis, as well as advances in surgical and medical oncology, including novel drugs targeting tumour-specific signalling pathways. The efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO) in the fight against cancer are detailed, together with strategies for cancer control.

"PDF - maintains the original page format of the printed version and is best for reading directly on your computer using Adobe Reader Adobe Digital Editions or on e-book readers with larger screens. It has added features such as bookmarks and hyperlinks to help you navigate the document. This book from the International Agency for Research on Cancer the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization provides a unique global view of cancer including cancer patterns causes and prevention. The World Cancer Report series is recognized as an authoritative source of global perspective and information on cancer. The first volume appeared in 2003 and the second in 2008. This third volume in the series encompasses both established knowledge and recent research achievement. World Cancer Report provides a professional multidisciplinary assessment of all aspects of the geographical distribution biology etiology prevention and control of cancer predicated on research. The concise nature of the text and the high graphic content (hundreds of colour maps diagrams and photographs) make the publication accessible to a broad readership. World Cancer Report is designed to provide non-specialist health professionals and policy-makers with a balanced understanding of cancer control and to provide established cancer professionals with insights about recent development. The book includes chapters in which distinguished scientists from around the world provide a broad overview of established knowledge and then emphasize research activity and progress. In addition text boxes distributed throughout the book provide short in-depth discussions of selected questions or topics. A new feature of this volume is the inclusion of Perspectives considering the future development of different aspects of cancer research written by those whose record of outstanding achievement qualifies them as individuals having unique vision. Includes more than 60 chapters with contributions from more than 150 distinguished scientists from around the world with information on: . Cancer Worldwide . Cancer Etiology . Cancer Biology . Cancer Prevention . Cancer by Organ Site . Cancer Control Also available: Print + online version (EPUB): World Ccancer Report 2014 print + Online (EPUB) version Print: World Cancer Report 2014

World Cancer Report 2014 provides a professional, multidisciplinary assessment of all aspects of the geographical distribution, biology, etiology, prevention, and control of cancer, predicated on research. World Cancer Report is designed to provide non-specialist health professionals and policy-makers with a balanced understanding of cancer control and to provide established cancer professionals with insights about recent developments.

“Social Inequities in Cancer” is a compendium of articles that identify barriers and metrics on the topic of modifiable and unnecessary cancer inequalities. Social inequities have long been recognised as a strong contributing factor in health and cancer inequalities for the past several decades. Despite progress in cancer treatment, cancer incidence, mortality and survival vary markedly between and within countries. Globalisation, greater life expectancy, emerging analytical technologies, and the scalability of big data have revolutionized the vantage point from which social inequities can be studied. The focus of these articles is inequalities as they relate to cancer, with the inequalities ranging from the community to the global scale. Disclaimer: Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization.

Laryngology: A Case-Based Approach is an invaluable new text for clinicians and students covering evidence-based assessment and management of a full range of laryngological conditions. This unique text examines 55 common and rare cases and covers pediatric and adult patients. The cases are separated into four sections: pediatric, voice and airway, general/systemic, and dysphagia/swallowing. Key Features: • More than 300 figures, most in full color, including surgical photos, endoscopic images, pathological micrographs, and various process charts/diagrams and decision trees. • More than 30 video and audio files • Laryngology’s leading experts have contributed their knowledge, expertise and experience to discuss the varied management options as they see it. The book also comes with access to a PluralPlus companion website, where readers can access video and audio files to enhance their understanding of cases in the book. With its multitude of cases and related multimedia, Laryngology: A Case-Based Approach is must-have resource for otolaryngologists, laryngologists, phoniatricians, speech-language pathologists, as well as anesthesiologists with an interest in managing the difficult airway.

This Research Topic is part of a series with, "Bioinformatics Analysis of Omics Data for Biomarker Identification in Clinical Research - Volume I" (https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/13816/bioinformatics-analysis-of-omics-data-for-biomarker-identification-in-clinical-research) The advances and the decreasing cost of omics data enable profiling of disease molecular features at different levels, including bulk tissues, animal models, and single cells. Large volumes of omics data enhance the ability to search for information for preclinical study and provide the opportunity to leverage them to understand disease mechanisms, identify molecular targets for therapy, and detect biomarkers of treatment response. Identification of stable, predictive, and interpretable biomarkers is a significant step towards personalized medicine and therapy. Omics data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, and metabolomics help to determine biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic applications. Preprocessing of omics data is of vital importance as it aims to eliminate systematic experimental bias and technical variation while preserving biological variation. Dozens of normalization methods for correcting experimental variation and bias in omics data have been developed during the last two decades, while only a few consider the skewness between different sample states, such as the extensive over-repression of genes in cancers. The choice of normalization methods determines the fate of identified biomarkers or molecular signatures. From these considerations, the development of appropriate normalization methods or preprocessing strategies may promote biomarker identification and facilitate clinical decision-making.

This book discusses the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of infections of the orbit and periorbital region and is written by experts in the fields of ophthalmology, oculoplastic surgery, otolaryngology, neurosurgery, and radiology. Infections of the orbit can be challenging to diagnose and manage. With the changing microbiology that has occurred over the years, as well as the introduction of new antibiotics, minimally invasive surgical approaches to the sinuses and orbits, and improved imaging techniques, it is often difficult for practitioners to stay current with the latest testing, medical treatments, and surgical approaches. Furthermore, as more ophthalmologists are joining hospital-based practices or managed care practices, they often feel uncomfortable when asked to manage these types of patients, either independently or in collaboration with other specialists such as ENT and neurosurgery. Even in many hospitals without ophthalmology coverage, where orbital cellulitis is cared for by otolaryngology and neurosurgery, these specialists also need to be current on the changing trends in managing orbital infections. Orbital Cellulitis and Periorbital Infections fills the need for a single-source reference for practitioners to turn to for comprehensive information regarding the diagnosis and management of orbital cellulitis. In this book, each chapter is in-depth, yet can also serve as a quick-reference guide. Orbital Cellulitis and Periorbital Infections is an excellent resource for those in training as well as seasoned practitioners who need to be updated on the newest diagnostic and treatment techniques for orbital cellulitis and periorbital infections.

At the dawn of the third millennium, we are confronted with a disturbing phenomenon: although global life expectancy still increases, this is not the case for healthy life expectancy! The explanation of this seemingly contradiction is mainly due to the rising prevalence of the new pandemia of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Even in low and middle income countries, the improvement in healthcare status and life expectancy is paralled by the increase of NCDs, as in all countries worldwide. Since the United Nations General Assembly held in New York in 2011, many publications have emphasized the close link between NCDs and nutrition. The NCDs epidemic forces us to reconsider the public health perspectives. Many governments, non-governmental organizations and other institutions are actively involved in educational nutrition programs and campaigns; however their efforts seldom obtain the results hoped for. It is extremely difficult to induce changes in lifestyle and behavior that have built up over a long period of time. However, it becomes urgent to adapt to our changing life-environment where traditional wisdom and intuitive choices are giving way to individual thinking and search for (often uncontrolled) information. This engenders a number of unprecedented challenges and it calls for a re-appraisal of the existing paradigms to achieve an adequate management of the upstream determinants of health instead of a (pre)dominant medical and hospital-centric approach. In the era of personalized healthcare, it is time to empower policy makers, professionals and citizens for achieving an evidence-based change in the health-disease interface and decision-making process for public health interventions. The scientific and professional society Health Technology Assessment International (HTAi) has recognized nutrition as a health technology (preventative) by creating a Interest Group (IG) dedicated to research on methodologies and assessments of nutrition-related public health, while taking into account contextual factors (ethical, legal, social, organizational, economic, …) in order to generate meaningful outcomes for establishing evidence-based health policies. This Research Topic aims to elaborate on some of the potential hurdles or guarantees which have to be overcome for the sake of sustainable healthcare provisions anywhere in the world, such as shortcomings in methodological approaches, regulatory frameworks, gaps between evidence, its hierarchy and final recommendations for public health management.