Zack S Point Of View

Background: Interacting with other people involves spatial awareness of one’s own body and the other’s body and viewpoint. In the past, social cognition has focused largely on belief reasoning, which is abstracted away from spatial and bodily representations, while there is a strong tradition of work on spatial and object representation which does not consider social interactions. These two domains have flourished independently. A small but growing body of research examines how awareness of space and body relates to the ability to interpret and interact with others. This also builds on the growing awareness that many cognitive processes are embodied, which could be of relevance for the integration of the social and spatial domains: Online mental transformations of spatial representations have been shown to rely on simulated body movements and various aspects of social interaction have been related to the simulation of a conspecific’s behaviour within the observer’s bodily repertoire. Both dimensions of embodied transformations or mappings seem to serve the purpose of establishing alignment between the observer and a target. In spatial cognition research the target is spatially defined as a particular viewpoint or frame of reference (FOR), yet, in social interaction research another viewpoint is occupied by another’s mind, which crucially requires perspective taking in the sense of considering what another person experiences from a different viewpoint. Perspective taking has been studied in different ways within developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience over the last few decades, yet, integrative approaches for channelling all information into a unified account of perspective taking and viewpoint transformations have not been presented so far. Aims: This Research Topic aims to bring together the social and the spatial, and to highlight findings and methods which can unify research across areas. In particular, the topic aims to advance our current theories and set the stage for future developments of the field by clarifying and linking theoretical concepts across disciplines. Scope: The focus of this Research Topic is on the SPATIAL and the SOCIAL, and we anticipate that all submissions will touch on both aspects and will explicitly attempt to bridge conceptual gaps. Social questions could include questions of how people judge another person’s viewpoint or spatial capacities, or how they imagine themselves from different points of view. Spatial questions could include consideration of different physical configurations of the body and the arrangement of different viewpoints, including mental rotation of objects or viewpoints that have social relevance. Questions could also relate to how individual differences (in personality, sex, development, culture, species etc.) influence or determine social and spatial perspective judgements. Many different methods can be used to explore perspective taking, including mental chronometry, behavioural tasks, EEG/MEG and fMRI, child development, neuropsychological patients, virtual reality and more. Bringing together results and approaches from these different domains is a key aim of this Research Topic. We welcome submissions of experimental papers, reviews and theory papers which cover these topics.

This book, Zack and the Validators: Spirit Bridge, is the fourth in a series about Zack, an intelligent and handsome donkey, and his three donkey friends. They call themselves the Validators. Leaving San Francisco on a passenger ship, they travel to Skagway, Alaska, and then to Dawson City, Yukon Territory, Canada, to rescue Zacks Uncle Harry. As they travel up the Pacific Coast along the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington states, and the Inside Passage to Alaska, they see many new sights from the decks of their ship. The naturalist expert aboard the ship also provides comments over the ships sound system, periodically, as the ship arrives at certain sightseeing points. In addition, Zack reads books about each state to learn about it landscape, natural resources, industries, and history. He records much of this information in his journal as they reach particular places, cities, or towns. When Zack and his donkey friends arrive at Skagway, Alaska, theyre met at the dock by Miss Darlene Divine, Harrys best friend. Shes a moose whos the entertainment manager of Skagways Pack Horse Inn. She provides rooms for Zack and friends for the night, shows them around Skagway the next day, and helps them board a train to travel to Canada. They see a lot of beautiful sights along the White Pass Trail, one of the two trails used by the Klondike gold rushers to cross the coastal mountains into Canada. They also learn about Dead Horse Gulch where 3,000 horses died during the winter of 1897 because of hazardous trail conditions. The horses were also overloaded with supplies, and many were cruelly treated by their owners. Zack learns about how the gold rushers traveled over the Summit with over 1,150 pounds of supplies during cold, winter conditions. He also learned about how they built boats at Lake Bennett so they could float down the Yukon River to Dawson City. Uncle Harrys eyes were injured in a gold mine explosion near Dawson City and he needs special medical help so his eyes can heal. When Zack and his friends arrive at Dawson City on a paddle-wheeler boat, they soon find Uncle Harry in a Dawson City hospital. They stay in a Catholic churchs rectory with Fr. John Mark and Fr. Christopher Clancy, while Harry recovers enough to travel to Skagway for special medical treatment. While there, Willie and Pedro, two of Zacks donkey friends, travel with Professor Carmacky to Bonanza Creek to pan for gold, while the Professor learns more about the first big Klondike gold discovery. Zack stays in Dawson City with Zelda, another donkey friend, to help Harry regain his strength for travel to Skagway. Finally, Harry is able to travel. They return up the Yukon River through treacherous white water rapids to the town of Whitehorse. From there, they take a train to Skagway. While traveling to Skagway on the historic White Pass & Yukon Railroad train, Harry sees a foggy image of an old railroad bridge near the White Pass Summit of the coastal mountain range. He learned later, from the local Tlingit Indian chief, that he saw an abandoned steel cantilever bridge that crosses Dead Horse Gulch, a historic gulch where the 3,000 horses died during the 1897 Klondike Gold Rush. The chief explained to Harry his tribes great need to have a bridge across the gulch for migrating caribou to cross. He also told Harry about his tribes belief that the spirits of the dead horses need a bridge in order to cross the gulch to the Great Spirit Land (an animal heaven). With these great needs for a bridge, Harry discovers that his good talent is to become a bridge for others. He decides to stay in Alaska to help the chief renovate the bridge to make it usable for caribou to cross the gulch. The chief also believes the spirits of the dead horses will use it to cross the gulch, on their way to the Great Spirit Land. Thats why the name Spirit Bridge was given to the renovated bridge.

For most of the history of film-making, music has played an integral role serving many functions - such as conveying emotion, heightening tension, and influencing interpretation and inferences about events and characters. More recently, with the enormous growth of the gaming industry and the Internet, a new role for music has emerged. However, all of these applications of music depend on complex mental processes which are being identified through research on human participants in multimedia contexts. The Psychology of Music in Multimedia is the first book dedicated to this fascinating topic. The Psychology of Music in Multimedia presents a wide range of scientific research on the psychological processes involved in the integration of sound and image when engaging with film, television, video, interactive games, and computer interfaces. Collectively, the rich chapters in this edited volume represent a comprehensive treatment of the existing research on the multimedia experience, with the aim of disseminating the current knowledge base and inspiring future scholarship. The focus on empirical research and the strong psychological framework make this book an exceptional and distinctive contribution to the field. The international collection of contributors represents eight countries and a broad range of disciplines including psychology, musicology, neuroscience, media studies, film, and communications. Each chapter includes a comprehensive review of the topic and, where appropriate, identifies models that can be empirically tested. Part One presents contrasting theoretical approaches from cognitive psychology, philosophy, semiotics, communication, musicology, and neuroscience. Part Two reviews research on the structural aspects of music and multimedia, while Part Three focuses on research examining the influence of music on perceived meaning in the multimedia experience. Part Four explores empirical findings in a variety of real-world applications of music in multimedia including entertainment and educational media for children, video and computer games, television and online advertising, and auditory displays of information. Finally, the closing chapter in Part Five identifies emerging themes and points to the value of broadening the scope of research to encompass multisensory, multidisciplinary, and cross-cultural perspectives to advance our understanding of the role of music in multimedia. This is a valuable book for those in the fields of music psychology and musicology, as well as film and media studies.

An accessible introduction to performing meta-analysis across various areas of research The practice of meta-analysis allows researchers to obtain findings from various studies and compile them to verify and form one overall conclusion. Statistical Meta-Analysis with Applications presents the necessary statistical methodologies that allow readers to tackle the four main stages of meta-analysis: problem formulation, data collection, data evaluation, and data analysis and interpretation. Combining the authors' expertise on the topic with a wealth of up-to-date information, this book successfully introduces the essential statistical practices for making thorough and accurate discoveries across a wide array of diverse fields, such as business, public health, biostatistics, and environmental studies. Two main types of statistical analysis serve as the foundation of the methods and techniques: combining tests of effect size and combining estimates of effect size. Additional topics covered include: Meta-analysis regression procedures Multiple-endpoint and multiple-treatment studies The Bayesian approach to meta-analysis Publication bias Vote counting procedures Methods for combining individual tests and combining individual estimates Using meta-analysis to analyze binary and ordinal categorical data Numerous worked-out examples in each chapter provide the reader with a step-by-step understanding of the presented methods. All exercises can be computed using the R and SAS software packages, which are both available via the book's related Web site. Extensive references are also included, outlining additional sources for further study. Requiring only a working knowledge of statistics, Statistical Meta-Analysis with Applications is a valuable supplement for courses in biostatistics, business, public health, and social research at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an excellent reference for applied statisticians working in industry, academia, and government.

The Handbook of Neurolinguistics is a state-of-the-art reference and resource book; it describes current research and theory in the many subfields of neurolinguistics and its clinical application. Thorough and clearly written, the handbook provides an excellent overview of the field of neurolinguistics and its development. The book is organized into five parts covering the history of neurolinguistics, methods in clinical and experimental neurolinguistics, experimental neurolinguistics, clinical neurolinguistics, and resources in neurolinguistics. The first four parts contain a wide range of topics which discuss all important aspects of the many subfields of neurolinguistics. Also included are the relatively new and fast developing areas of research in discourse, pragmatics, and recent neuroimaging techniques. The resources section provides currently available resources, both traditional and modern. The handbook is useful to the newcomer to the field, as well as the expert searching for the latest developments in neurolinguistics. Clearly written and well organized Provides extensive resources Discusses both history and current research Covers the many subfields of neurolinguistics as well the developing areas of research

Digital games offer enormous potential for learning and engagement in mathematics ideas and processes. This volume offers multidisciplinary perspectives—of educators, cognitive scientists, psychologists and sociologists—on how digital games influence the social activities and mathematical ideas of learners/gamers. Contributing authors identify opportunities for broadening current understandings of how mathematical ideas are fostered (and embedded) within digital game environments. In particular, the volume advocates for new and different ways of thinking about mathematics in our digital age—proposing that these mathematical ideas and numeracy practices are distinct from new literacies or multiliteracies. The authors acknowledge that the promise of digital games has not always been realised/fulfilled. There is emerging, and considerable, evidence to suggest that traditional discipline boundaries restrict opportunities for mathematical learning. Throughout the book, what constitutes mathematics learnings and pedagogy is contested. Multidisciplinary viewpoints are used to describe and understand the potential of digital games for learning mathematics and identify current tensions within the field. Mathematics learning is defined as being about problem solving; engagement in mathematical ideas and processes; and social engagement. The artefact, which is the game, shapes the ways in which the gamers engage with the social activity of gaming. In parallel, the book (as a te xtual artefact) will be supported by Springer’s online platform—allowing for video and digital communication (including links to relevant websites) to be used as supplementary material and establish a dynamic communication space.

Recent Advances in Statistics: Papers in Honor of Herman Chernoff on His Sixtieth Birthday is a collection of papers on statistics in honor of Herman Chernoff on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Topics covered range from sequential analysis (including designs) to optimization (including control theory), nonparametrics (including large sample theory), and statistical graphics. Comprised of 27 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on optimal stopping of Brownian motion, followed by an analysis of sequential design of comparative clinical trials. A two-sample sequential test for shift with one sample size fixed in advance is then presented. Subsequent chapters focus on set-valued parameters and set-valued statistics; large deviations of the maximum likelihood estimate in the Markov chain case; the limiting behavior of multiple roots of the likelihood equation; and optimal uniform rate of convergence for nonparametric estimators of a density function and its derivatives. The book concludes by considering significance and confidence levels, closed regions and models, and discrete distributions. This monograph should be of interest to students, researchers, and specialists in the fields of mathematics and statistics.

Dictionary of Sport Psychology: Sport, Exercise, and Performing Arts is a comprehensive reference with hundreds of concise entries across sports, martial arts, exercise and fitness, performing arts and cultural sport psychology. This dictionary uses a global approach to cover philosophical and cultural backgrounds, theory, methodology, education and training and fields of application. Each entry includes phenomenon, subject description and definition, related theory and research, practice and application across sports and related performance domains. An authoritative, balanced and accessible presentation of the state-of-the-art in key subject areas, this dictionary is a must-have reference for anyone studying or practicing sport psychology. Provides a diverse cultural perspective to ensure the broadest coverage of internationalization Covers a broad scope of terms and concepts Includes extended performance domains, such as music, dance, theater arts and the circus Utilizes an alphabetical approach so entries are easily found and quickly referenced Contains entries written by leading researchers and scholars across the globe