A Glimpse In Science

Articles presented here are mostly in the field of laser, plasma and spectroscopy which happens to be our field of research and teaching. The purpose of these articles is to popularize the new emerging fields of Science. All these fields are somehow or other related with one another. Spectroscopic devices are invariably used in generation and application of laser and plasma. Recently laser has been used for fusion reaction leading to the production of plasma resulting first time output energy more than the input one where spectroscopic devices are used to measure such a high temperature.

"A GLIMPSE ON PLANT SCIENCES" is designed to cater the need of agricultural graduates and post graduates by providing sufficient supplemental information for competitive examinations such as JRF, SRF AND ICAR–ASRB NET Examinations. The book covers all the areas of plant sciences viz., Genetics and Plant Breeding, Biotechnology, Seed science and technology, Plant Pathology and Agricultural Microbiology. It provides an understanding of the subject covering important areas of the topics for students preparing various competitive examinations. To fulfill the asaid aims an attempt was made to present the subjects in detail as per the requirements of students of all the universities. For convenience the book is furnished in various sections. The book deals with the fundamental facts in the field of plant sciences briefing introduction of various cell organelles and their functions, cell division, Mendelian genetics, Cytogenetics, plant breeding methods, breeding of field crops, seed science and molecular genetics aspects. Plant pathology dealing with various crop diseases, their casual organisms, epidemiology, diagnosis and detection and management of plant diseases were dealt. The basics of agricultural microbiology were also covered briefly keeping JRF and other competitive examinations in view. Scientists and their contributions have been thoroughly covered in various sections of plant sciences. We hope that the book will fulfil the desires of the students preparing various competitive examinations. We are thankful to everyone for the support in bringing out this book. Your suggestions are highly welcome for further improvement of the book.

Modern information and communication technologies, together with a cultural upheaval within the research community, have profoundly changed research in nearly every aspect. Ranging from sharing and discussing ideas in social networks for scientists to new collaborative environments and novel publication formats, knowledge creation and dissemination as we know it is experiencing a vigorous shift towards increased transparency, collaboration and accessibility. Many assume that research workflows will change more in the next 20 years than they have in the last 200. This book provides researchers, decision makers, and other scientific stakeholders with a snapshot of the basics, the tools, and the underlying visions that drive the current scientific (r)evolution, often called ‘Open Science.’

How teachers view the nature of scientific knowledge is crucial to their understanding of science content and how it can be taught. This book presents an overview of the dynamics of scientific progress and its relationship to the history and philosophy of science, and then explores their methodological and educational implications and develops innovative strategies based on actual classroom practice for teaching topics such the nature of science, conceptual change, constructivism, qualitative-quantitative research, and the role of controversies, presuppositions, speculations, hypotheses, and predictions. Field-tested in science education courses, this book is designed to involve readers in critically thinking about the history and philosophy of science and to engage science educators in learning how to progressively introduce various aspects of ‘science-in-the-making’ in their classrooms, to promote discussions highlighting controversial historical episodes included in the science curriculum, and to expose their students to the controversies and encourage them to support, defend or critique the different interpretations. Innovating Science Teacher Education offers guidelines to go beyond traditional textbooks, curricula, and teaching methods and innovate with respect to science teacher education and classroom teaching.