A History Of The Relations Between The Two Houses Of Parliament In Tasmania And South Australia

The New Zealand upper house, the Legislative Council (which bore a marked resemblance to its Canadian counterpart the Federal Senate) was abolished in 1950 in an action which represents one of the most clear-cut examples of pragmatic politics in New Zealand history. It was abolished by the essentially conservative National party (fundamentally committed to the bicameral principle), while the Labour party (formally committed to abolition) at first obstructed and then merely stood on the sidelines. New Zealand thus became the only democratic country in the world without either an upper house or a formal written constitution of any consequence. The author attempts both to explain this unusual development and to assess its consequences. The generally accepted view that the Legislative Council failed in 1892 is challenged, and the causes of the decline and failure are traced back to circumstances surrounding its original establishment in 1854. Subsequently, developments since 1950 are examined in the light of abolition. The author concludes that abolition represented the right policy undertaken for the wrong reasons and that ultimately it has made a greater contribution to constitutional change in the twenty years since 1950 than the chamber itself made in the last fifty years of its existence. The New Zealand Legislative Council, an analytical historical study of an institution, throws valuable light on the strengths and weaknesses of the bicameral principle and the consequences of abolishing a second chamber of Parliament. The book should prove useful to Political Science and History courses dealing with Commonwealth Parliamentary government, comparative institutions and constitutional law. It should also appeal to all those interested in the question of bicameral representation.

Todd, Alpheus. Parliamentary Government in the British Colonies. Edited by His Son. London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1894. xx, 929 pp. Reprinted 2006 by The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN-13: 978-1-58477-617-8. ISBN-10: 1-58477-617-X. Cloth. $150.* Reprint of the Second edition. By 1894 Great Britain possessed the largest formal empire that ever existed, one that ranged across a bewildering variety of lands and cultures. A remarkable work of synthesis and analysis, Todd's treatise is an excellent guide to its political and legal administration at the time when the empire stood at its zenith. In the course of nineteen lucid chapters it describes how Parliamentary government functions in the Colonies, the ways imperial control manages the appointment and control of governors, local legislation, internal administration, military, naval, and ecclesiastical matters, foreign relations, imperial legislation, judicial appeals, grant of honours and the use of royal prerogatives, particularly mercy. Other chapters examine administrative and legislative jurisdiction over subordinate provinces of a central colonial government, the constitutions and powers of colonial parliaments and the double position and functions of colonial governors or lieutenant-governors.