A New Era In Computation

The transition from serial to parallel computing in which many operations are performed simultaneously and at tremendous speed, marks a new era in computation. These original essays explore the emerging modalities and potential impact of this technological revolution. Daniel Hillis, inventor of the superfast Connection Machine®, provides a clear explanation of massively parallel computing. The essays that follow investigate the rich possibilities, as well as the constraints, that parallel computation holds for the future. These possibilities include its tremendous potential for simulating currently intractable physical processes and for solving "monster" scientific problems (involving new algorithms and ways of thinking about problem solving that will change the way we think about the world), and its use in the neural sciences (where the biological model for parallel computation is the brain). Essays also address the gap between the promise of this new technology and our current educational system and look at America's technological agenda for the 1990s. Daniel Hillis is Chief Scientist and James Bailey is Director of Marketing, both at Thinking Machines Corporation. Selected Essays:Preface,Stephen R. Graubard. What is Massively Parallel Computing, and Why Is It Important?W. Daniel Hillis. Complex Adaptive Systems, John H. Holland. Perspectives on Parallel Computing, Yuefan Deng, James Glimm, David H. Sharp. Parallel Billiards and Monster Systems, Brosl Hasslacher. First We Reshape Our Computers, Then Our Computers Reshape Us: The Broader Intellectual Impact of Parallelism, James Bailey. Parallelism in Conscious Experience. Robert Sokolowski. Of Time, Intelligence, and Institutions, Felix E. Browder. Parallel Computing and Education,Geoffrey C. Fox. The Age of Computing: A Personal Memoir, N. Metropolis. What Should the Public Know about Mathematics? Philip J. Davis. America's Economic-Technological Agenda for the 1990s,Jacob T. Schwartz. A Daedalus special issue

Big Data is playing a vital role in HCI projects across a range of industries: healthcare, cybersecurity, forensics, education, business organizations, and scientific research. Big data analytics requires advanced tools and techniques to store, process and analyze the huge volume of data. Working on HCI projects requires specific skill sets to implement IT solutions. Big Data Analytics for Human-Computer Interactions: A New Era of Computation is a comprehensive guide that discusses the evolution of Big Data in Human Computer Interaction from promise to reality. This book provides an introduction to Big Data and HCI, followed by an overview of the state-of-the-art algorithms for processing big data, Subsequent chapters also explain the characteristics, applications, opportunities and challenges of big data systems, by describing theoretical, practical, and simulation concepts of computational intelligence and big data analytics used in designing HIC systems. The book also presents solutions for analyzing complex patterns in user data and improving productivity. Readers will be able to understand the technology that drives big data solutions in HCI projects and understand its capacity in transforming an organization. The book also helps the reader to understand HCI system design and explains how to evaluate an application portfolio that can be used when selecting pilot projects. This book is a resource for researchers, students, and professionals interested in the fields of HCI, artificial intelligence, data analytics, and computer engineering.

Cloud computing is becoming the next revolution in the IT industry; providing central storage for internet data and services that have the potential to bring data transmission performance, security and privacy, data deluge, and inefficient architecture to the next level. Enabling the New Era of Cloud Computing: Data Security, Transfer, and Management discusses cloud computing as an emerging technology and its critical role in the IT industry upgrade and economic development in the future. This book is an essential resource for business decision makers, technology investors, architects and engineers, and cloud consumers interested in the cloud computing future.

Recent advances in internet architecture have led to the advent and subsequent explosion of cloud computing technologies, providing businesses with a powerful toolbox of collaborative digital resources. These technologies have fostered a more flexible, decentralized approach to IT infrastructure, enabling businesses to operate in a more agile fashion and on a globalized scale. Enterprise Management Strategies in the Era of Cloud Computing seeks to explore the possibilities of business in the cloud. Targeting an audience of research scholars, students, software developers, and business professionals, this premier reference source provides a cutting-edge look at the exciting and multifaceted relationships between cloud computing, software virtualization, collaborative technology, and business infrastructure in the 21st Century.

Single processing units have now reached a point where further major improvements in their performance are restricted by their physical limitations. This is causing a slowing down in advances at the same time as new scientific challenges are demanding exascale speed. This has meant that parallel processing has become key to High Performance Computing (HPC). This book contains the proceedings of the 14th biennial ParCo conference, ParCo2011, held in Ghent, Belgium. The ParCo conferences have traditionally concentrated on three main themes: Algorithms, Architectures and Applications. Nowadays though, the focus has shifted from traditional multiprocessor topologies to heterogeneous and manycores, incorporating standard CPUs, GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) and FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays). These platforms are, at a higher abstraction level, integrated in clusters, grids and clouds. The papers presented here reflect this change of focus. New architectures, programming tools and techniques are also explored, and the need for exascale hardware and software was also discussed in the industrial session of the conference.This book will be of interest to all those interested in parallel computing today, and progress towards the exascale computing of tomorrow.

QUANTUM COMPUTING A helpful introduction to all aspects of quantum computing Quantum computing is a field combining quantum mechanics—the physical science of nature at the scale of atoms and subatomic particles—and information science. Where ordinary computing uses bits, logical values whose position can either be 0 or 1, quantum computing is built around qubits, a fundamental unit of quantum information which can exist in a superposition of both states. As quantum computers are able to complete certain kinds of functions more accurately and efficiently than computers built on classical binary logic, quantum computing is an emerging frontier which promises to revolutionize information science and its applications. This book provides a concise, accessible introduction to quantum computing. It begins by introducing the essentials of quantum mechanics that information and computer scientists require, before moving to detailed discussions of quantum computing in theory and practice. As quantum computing becomes an ever-greater part of the global information technology landscape, the knowledge in Quantum Computing will position readers to join a vital and highly marketable field of research and development. The book’s readers will also find: Detailed diagrams and illustrations throughout A broadly applicable quantum algorithm that improves on the best-known classical algorithms for a wide range of problems In-depth discussion of essential topics including key distribution, cluster state quantum computing, superconducting qubits, and more Quantum Computing is perfect for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science, engineering, mathematics, or the physical sciences, as well as for researchers and academics at the intersection of these fields who want a concise reference.

Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice, Third Edition provides students and IT professionals with an in-depth analysis of the cloud from the ground up. After an introduction to network-centric computing and network-centric content, the book reviews basic concepts of concurrency and parallel and distributed systems, presents critical components of the cloud ecosystem as cloud service providers, cloud access, cloud data storage, and cloud hardware and software, covers cloud applications and cloud security, and presents research topics in cloud computing. Specific topics covered include resource virtualization, resource management and scheduling, and advanced topics like the impact of scale on efficiency, cloud scheduling subject to deadlines, alternative cloud architectures, and vehicular clouds. An included glossary covers terms grouped in several categories, from general to services, virtualization, desirable attributes and security. Presents updated content throughout chapters on concurrency, cloud hardware and software, challenges posed by big data, mobile applications and advanced topics Includes an expanded appendix that presents several cloud computing projects Provides more than 400 references in the text, including recent research results in several areas related to cloud computing

This book is the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, UIC 2006, held in Wuhan, China. The book presents 117 revised full papers together with a keynote paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 382 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on smart objects and embedded systems; smart spaces, environments, and platforms; ad-hoc and intelligent networks; sensor networks, and more.