A Pharmacological Guide To Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Medications

"The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive source of information regarding NSAIDs in detail. NSAIDs are widely used and prescribed to all age groups. This book represents a new approach for undergraduate and post-graduate medical students of all specialties. The book was written in simple and easily understandable language for everyone. This book is mainly focused on NSAIDs and related topics like mechanism and pharmacological actions, adverse drug reactions, fixed dose combinations, poisoning of overdose, usage in neurological conditions, geriatrics, pediatrics and pregnancy, NSAID-induced gastropathy and nephropathy, NSAIDs in oncology, pharmacogenomics, and in COVID. Their use is associated with a vast spectrum of adverse drug effects, so drug selection is crucial in various conditions. Each chapter of the book presents the pharmacology of NSAIDs in the framework of biochemical, physiologic or pathophysiological systems. Each topic provides an understanding of the basic concepts of NSAIDs on already existing and on newer drugs and their pharmacological use in various organ systems at different age groups. Updated and recent information including the use of NSAIDs in COVID has been added. Detailed drug information in aspects of drug selection and its contraindications as per patients' disease status and updated approaches in newer clinical perspectives were included. Diagrams, tables, and flowcharts are included to make the concepts easier to understand. At the end of each chapter, useful references are added for further reading"--

"A Comprehensive Guide to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) begins by describing the general characteristics, classification, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical uses and adverse effects of NSAIDs. The adverse effects of NSAIDs, drug interactions and their clinical applications in neurological diseases, headaches, and cerebrovascular diseases are discussed. These drugs are also often used in dermatology, especially in the treatment of dermatosis. Extensive information concerning NSAIDs and dermatological diseases is provided. A broad perspective on the role of NSAIDs in infectious diseases is also provided. The next chapter discusses findings concerning the effects of NSAIDs on bone and tendon healing, together with cellular and molecular factors. The authors suggest that NSAIDs may be a risk factor for tissue healing. Diclofenac sodium (DS), widely used in urology clinics, exhibits dose-dependent side effects on various systems. This chapter suggests that nanoparticle technology can be applied to the oral form of DS in order to reduce its side-effects. The effects of NSAIDs on the reproductive systems of both sexes are also evaluated. Both genders make extensive use of NSAIDs during infertility treatment. Another chapter focuses on how DS affects spermatogenesis. The authors suggest that DS causes histopathological changes in the testes by disrupting the nutrition of testicular cells and impairing complete testis functions. Men wishing to have children should therefore use this drug with caution. The authors also review the effects of NSAIDs on prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. In the following chapter, the authors examine the role of NSAIDs in gynaecology and obstetrics. Advances in the use of NSAIDs and melatonin in reproductive medicine for both sexes are discussed. The authors describe the biological roles of NSAIDs and melatonin in human reproduction, diseases, pregnancy, and assisted reproductive treatment. The subsequent chapter highlights the side-effects of NSAIDs on the gastrointestinal system. This book goes on to assess how DS affects the nervous system in the light of molecular and cellular analysis. The authors first explore the dose-dependent effects of DS on the nervous system. They then examine the potential neuroprotective / neurotoxic effects of DS on the nervous system, including the spinal cord, brain, cerebellum and peripheral nerves. The effects of DS on the adult hippocampus are assessed based on experimental studies. The purpose of this section is to highlight the relationship between oxidative stresses and the role of antioxidants in reducing DS toxicity. The importance of melatonin administration against pre- and postnatal DS toxicity in the nervous system is evaluated in several chapters. Recent findings suggest that prenatal exposure to NSAIDs causes an alteration in the morphology of optic nerve fibres based on stereological, histological and electron microscopic analysis. The authors evaluate histomorphometric results from light and electron microscopic analysis of the effects of prenatal DS exposure on male fertility. Numerous studies have shown that all elements of the male system are affected by this exposure. Lastly, the authors specifically focus on Sertoli cells and suggest that prenatal DS exposure produces toxic effects on Sertoli cell morphology"--

This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview about the state of the art regarding the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in physical and rehabilitation medicine and the study of the pharmacodynamics of existing and newly introduced NSAIDs in the management of pain and inflammation. It will also elaborate and refine already known knowledge on the mechanism(s) of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. This book may provide additional knowledge about the design and development of new drug delivery systems loaded with NSAIDs potentially useful in the treatment of chronic inflammatory-based diseases following circadian cycle, uses of NSAIDs as a source of medicinal plants, and the adverse effects and drug interactions of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID's) are one of the most widely prescribed drugs for their analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties. This book provides new research on the common uses, risks and effectiveness of NSAIDs. Chapter One evaluates the potential environmental health impacts of NSAIDs in aquatic environments. Chapter Two reviews the incidence rate and toxic damage of diclofenac which is one of the mostly detected drugs in aquatic environments worldwide. Chapter Three discusses advanced oxidation processes for the removal of NSAIDs. Chapter Four outlines recent progress of EPs and their role in inflammation-related cardiovascular diseases.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed groups of drugs in the community. This reflects the high frequency of rheumatic complaints but may in part be due to the relative non efficacy of these drugs. Since the introduction of ibuprofen, the first new NSAID to compete with aspirin, phenylbutazone and indomethacin, there has been a proliferation of new NSAIDs of differing chemical classes but an apparent similar spectrum of action. Despite the fact that these drugs are thought to work by an apparent common mechanism of action (suppression of prostaglandin synthetase activity) continued development of these drugs occurs. There exists at present a conflict between the pharmaceutical industry with its attempts to introduce new NSAIDs and drug regulatory authorities who are generally not convinced of the need for additional drugs of_ this class. The practising clinician regards a variety of NSAIDs as necessary to enable pain relief to be optimised.with minimal adverse effects. With respect to the dilemma of how many NSAIDs are really necessary surprisingly little convincing data is available to assist in resolving this issue. It was therefore decided to hold a satellite meeting to the XVIth International League Against Rheumatism Conference in May 1985.

This volume is a state-of-the art resource on the recent advances and clinical management of NSAIDs and aspirin. The text provides a thorough overview of NSAIDS and aspirin, reviewing such topics as pharmacology and mechanisms, clinical effects, and the safety and efficacy of these drugs. It also focuses on the effect of the drugs on the cardiovascular system and in the prevention of GI cancer. Practical recommendations for a safe prescription of NSAIDs are also included. Written by experts in the field, NSAIDs and Aspirin: Recent Advances and Implications for Clinical Management is a comprehensive text of great value to gastroenterologists, rheumatologists, cardiologists, oncologists, orthopedists, trauma and internal medicine specialists.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the mostfrequently prescribed drugs in the Western world. During the past decade a large number of new compounds were marketed, some of which had to be withdrawn after a short while because of adverse drug reactions. These experiences led to an under standing that a complete picture of the safety of these drugs can only be obtained after their introduction into the marketplace. Differentmethods ofpost-marketing surveillance (PMS) serve as important tools for monitoring the frequency of adverse reactions and for generating and corroborating hypotheses. Experience with PMS has thusfar been quite limited in Germany. In 1987 a non-profit organization, "Verein zur Langzeituntersuchung von Arzneimittel wirkungen auf dem Gebiet der Rheumatologie e. V. " (VLAR) was founded by interested physicians and pharmacologists to raise funds and perform investiga tions on the safety of NSAIDs. The first project by the VLAR, SPALA ("Safety Profile of Antirheumatics in Long-Term Administration"), was sponsored by F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (Basel, Switzerland). In July 1990, when the project was successfully terminated, almost 30,000 patients had been completely docu mented and their medical records entered into a computer for subsequent review by a select panel of experts with experience in monitoring adverse reactions to NSAIDs. The comments, criticisms, and ideas of these experts were brought togetherat a symposium organized by the VLAR at the Klinikum Steglitz (Berlin, Germany) on 12 October 1990.