A Universal Critical And Pronouncing Dictionary Of The English Language Including Scienticic Terms Compiled From The Materials Of Noah Webster

Excerpt from An Universal Critical and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language: Including Scientific Terms, Compiled From the Materials of Noah Webster, LL. D About twenty years since, the Compiler edited Johnson's Dictionary, as improved by Todd, and abridged by Chalmers, with Walker's Pronouncing Dictionary combined; and while executing that task, formed the plan of his small work, entitled, A Comprehensive Pronouncing and Explanatory Dictionary of the English Language; but, before completing this, he was induced to undertake an octavo abridgment of Dr. Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language. These tasks of editing and abridging were performed in accordance with certain principles and rules laid down for his guidance; for the selection of words, therefore, or for any want of con sistency, the Editor is responsible only to a very limited extent. In the preparation of his Comprehensive Dictionary, the Compiler adopted the practice of recording all the English words which, though met with in respectable authors, were not found in Todd's edition of Johnson's Dictionary. These proving more numerous than he at first anticipated, and, his collection having accumulated to a very considerable mass, be determined to prepare a new and larger dictionary, which should contain as complete a vocabulary of the language as was possible. The Dictionary of Johnson, as corrected and enlarged by Todd, and Walker's Critical Pronouncing Dictionary, have been made, in some degree, the basis of the present work; but the words found in those dictionaries have been revised with much labour and care, especially in relation to their etymology and definition; and those which relate to the arts and sciences have been defined entirely anew. Words found in Todd's Johnson, which are in common use, and with regard to the correctness and use of which there can be no doubt, are, for the most part, left without any cited authority; but for such words as are obsolete, antiquated, rare, provincial, local, or disputable, the authorities are retained, and a great number of new ones introduced. To the words given in Todd's Johnson, nearly have been added, for all of which authorities are given, except in the case of a few, such as the participial adjectives amusing, entertaining, established, &c., where they would be useless. All the verbs of common occurrence, both regular and irregular, are conjugated; and the preterites and perfect participles of the irregular verbs are inserted separately in their alphabetical places. But of the regular verbs, the present and perfect participles ending in ing and ed are not inserted as separate articles. For had this been done, it would have added upwards of ten thousand words, and have increased the size of the volume, without materially enhancing its value. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The elements of infrastructure – roads, transportation, electricity, water, communications, schools, hospitals – are so ingrained in the fabric of daily life that few people give a second thought to who provides them, and how. Yet, they are controlled by an extensive and complex regulatory system. Moreover, the EU’s State aid modernization plan has made infrastructure a crucial aspect of competition law. How did EU State aid law turn into regulation on whether a city can build a new airport, or how it may operate a school? And what do the rules actually mean for infrastructure funding? These are the questions this book, the first comprehensive guide to EU State aid law in this key sector and a major contribution to the debate on the topic, seeks to answer. In its thorough review of the legal literature as well as relevant legislation and case law, this book covers such aspects of the infrastructure-State aid nexus as the following: – role of infrastructure in competition law; – infrastructure funding as aid and its compatibility with the internal market; – impact on land development and other ongoing activities; – sector-specific impact of State aid regulation on the design of infrastructure projects; – risk management; and – newer infrastructure sectors such as sports and cultural and healthcare projects. At many points in the presentation, the case-by-case analysis provides individual appraisals. In addition to focusing on the complex rules and how they have been interpreted in the decisional practice of the Commission and in the EU case law, this book provides deeply informed proposals for reform. This is a key work in a field of EU law that has developed and changed dramatically in recent years. It is sure to be of immeasurable value to practitioners and jurists in State aid law, competition law, and public procurement, as well as market actors (aid beneficiaries and competitors), policymakers, government officials, and business persons in these fields.

Now in its third edition, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language provides the most comprehensive coverage of the history, structure and worldwide use of English. Fully updated and expanded, with a fresh redesigned layout, and over sixty audio resources to bring language extracts to life, it covers all aspects of the English language including the history of English, with new pages on Shakespeare's vocabulary and pronunciation, updated statistics on global English use that now cover all countries and the future of English in a post-Brexit Europe, regional and social variations, with fresh insights into the growing cultural identities of 'new Englishes', English in everyday use with new sections on gender identities, forensic studies, and 'big data' in corpus linguistics, and digital developments, including the emergence of new online varieties in social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter and WhatsApp. Packed with brand new colour illustrations, photographs, maps, tables and graphs, this new edition is an essential tool for a new generation of twenty-first-century English language enthusiasts.

Contains articles on the White Mountains and a map.