Acidification Research Evaluation And Policy Applications Proceedings Of An International Conference Maastricht The Netherlands 14 18 October 1991

Acidification: an international problem; Acidification as an example of the link between science and policy; Acidification research and policy in the province Limburg; Forest vegetation and acidification: a critical review; Global environmental change: implications for acid deposition research; The role of ammonia in acidification: perspective for the prevention and reduction of emissions from livestock operations; Emissions of acidifying components; Acidification of forests and forest soils: current status; Stress combinations in forests; Effects of increasing nitrogen and acidification onheathlands; The interaction of forest vegetation and soils with the aquatic environment: effects of catchment liming on lakes; Higher order effects; Acidifying effects ongroundwater; Monitoring for the future:integrated biogeochemical cycles in representative catchments; The critical loads concept for the control of acidification; Canadian acid rain policy; Acidification policy in Finland; Acidification policy in Hungary; Acidification abatement policy-The Netherlands experience; The convention on long-range transboundary air pollutions: its achievements and its potential; Acidification policy-Sweden; Air pollution control policy in Switzerland; Acidification research: evaluation and policy applications; a United Kingdom policy response; Acidification policy in the United Statesl Setting prioritaries for the measurement of acid aerosols and gases: 3 examples for Switzerland; The United States national acid precipitation ...

A large number of nationwide research programmes in the field of acidification have been carried out in the last decade. Especially in Western Europe, extensive programmes have resulted in a good overview of all the effects - mostly negative - caused by acidifying substances. There is now consensus that types of acidification damage relate to the unique geography of an area: air pollution affects vegetation; acid aerosol the ozone layer. New in this volume, is the relation between scientific results of integrated research programmes and policy actions to prevent, reduce and limit the widespread damage caused by acidification. The results of many different national research programmes are evaluated and compared to present a unique compilation for the research scientist and policy maker. In this volume thematic reviews on specific topics of acidification research are presented, followed by overviews of acidification policy plans and actual abatement plans. The result is the best review of acidification research carried out worldwide during the last decade and presentation of the critical relation between research results and policy actions.

International negotiations have become an increasingly widespread feature of international affairs, as the number of parties involved have grown, and regional and global fora have multiplied. Cecilia Albin examines the role of considerations of justice and fairness in these negotiations. She argues that negotiators do not simply pursue their narrow interests or those of their countries, but regularly take principles of justice and fairness into account. These principles come into play at an early stage, as talks are structured and agendas set; in the bargaining process itself; and in the implementation of and compliance with agreements. The analysis is based on cases in four important areas: the environment; international trade; ethnic conflict (the Israeli-Palestinian conflict); and arms control. Drawing on a mass of empirical data, including a large number of interviews, this book relates the abstract debate over international norms and ethics to the realities of international relations.

As environmental challenges grow larger in scale and implications, it is increasingly important to apply the best scientific knowledge in the decisionmaking process. Editors Farrell and Jäger present environmental assessments as the bridge between the expert knowledge of scientists and engineers on the one hand and decisionmakers on the other. When done well, assessments have a positive impact on public policy, the strategic decisions of private firms, and, ultimately, the quality of life for many people. This book is the result of an international, interdisciplinary research project to analyze past environmental assessments and understand how their design influenced their effectiveness in bringing scientific evidence and insight into the decisionmaking process. The case studies in the book feature a wide range of regional and global risks, including ozone depletion, transboundary air pollution, and climate change. Assessments of Regional and Global Environmental Risks offers several important contributions. It provides a clear account of the choices faced in the design of environmental assessments and a clear description of the lessons learned from past assessments. It illustrates why assessments are social processes, not simply reports. And, while they identify no universal, one-size-fits-all design, the authors find that, to be effective, environmental assessments must be viewed by those who produce and use them as being salient; credible in their scientific support; and legitimate, or fair in design and execution.

This title was first published in 2000: Part of the academic response to the phenomenon of globalization, this text explores the legal and philosophical implications with particular reference to the problem of international justice. Among the issues examined in the book are those dealing with matters of principle and with the philosophical grounding of international justice: is a moral universalism possible? Are the claims of moral universalism reconcilable with those of moral particularism? What kind of moral universalism does international justice entail? How does the concept of right bear upon international justice? Is justice, both distributive and formal, applicable to international relations? Other issues discussed are of a more specific nature: is there a right to development? What is the role of justice in the resolution of conflict? is humanitarian intervention justified? What are the ethical implications of global warming and acid rain?