Advanced Frequency Synthesis By Phase Lock

A through discussion of frequency synthesizers, including design and effects on systems Working engineers who design, specify, use, or test frequency synthesizers need to develop an intimate understanding of how these devices operate and their effects on the systems in which they are embedded. Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, offers complete coverage that includes both normal control system design and effects that occur due to sampling when bandwidths are pushed. While the discussion emphasizes phase-locked synthesizers, direct and digital synthesizers are covered as well. In addition to the usual discussion of second-order loops, this book describes characteristics of an important class of third-order loops and state-space analysis of loops of arbitrary order. It uses Matlab scripts (available for downloading via ftp) to produce computer-aided analyses, including complex nonlinear simulations of loops in the acquisition process; and it includes a significant volume of material on phase noise, its effects in synthesizer loops, and its impact on systems employing synthesizers. An important reference of rare power and clarity, Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, features: * Three new chapters covering architectures, sampling effects, and computer-aided engineering (CAE) * Multicurve graphs of transient and modulation responses for second-and third-order loops * Graphs of phase noise from 28 oscillators and 19 frequency dividers; noise theory and curves for IC oscillators * Charge-pump phase-frequency detectors extensively covered * Fractional-N, including DSP for improved spectrums * Multiple loops, including offset references

The latest frequency synthesis techniques, including sigma-delta,Diophantine, and all-digital Sigma-delta is a frequency synthesis technique that has risen inpopularity over the past decade due to its intensely digital natureand its ability to promote miniaturization. A continuation of thepopular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, thistimely resource provides a broad introduction to sigma-delta bypairing practical simulation results with cutting-edge research.Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock discusses bothsigma-delta and fractional-n—the still-in-use forerunner tosigma-delta—employing Simulink® models and detailedsimulations of results to promote a deeper understanding. After a brief introduction, the book shows how spurs areproduced at the synthesizer output by the basic process anddifferent methods for overcoming them. It investigates how variousdefects in sigma-delta synthesis contribute to spurs or noise inthe synthesized signal. Synthesizer configurations are analyzed,and it is revealed how to trade off the various noise sources bychoosing loop parameters. Other sigma-delta synthesis architecturesare then reviewed. The Simulink simulation models that provided data for thepreceding discussions are described, providing guidance in makinguse of such models for further exploration. Next, another methodfor achieving wide loop bandwidth simultaneously with fineresolution—the Diophantine Frequency Synthesizer—isintroduced. Operation at extreme bandwidths is also covered,further describing the analysis of synthesizers that push theirbandwidths close to the sampling-frequency limit. Lastly, the bookreviews a newly important technology that is poised to becomewidely used in high-production consumerelectronics—all-digital frequency synthesis. Detailed appendices provide in-depth discussion on variousstages of development, and many related resources are available fordownload, including Simulink models, MATLAB® scripts,spreadsheets, and executable programs. All these features make thisauthoritative reference ideal for electrical engineers who want toachieve an understanding of sigma-delta frequency synthesis and anawareness of the latest developments in the field.

Phase lock loop frequency synthesis finds uses in a myriad of wireless applications - from local oscillators for receivers and transmitters to high performance RF test equipment. As the security and reliability of mobile communication transmissions have gained importance, PLL and frequency synthesisers have become increasingly topical subjects. Phase Lock Loops & Frequency Synthesis examines the various components that make up the phase lock loop design, including oscillators (crystal, voltage controlled), dividers and phase detectors. Interaction amongst the various components are also discussed. Real world problems such as power supply noise, shielding, grounding and isolation are given comprehensive coverage and solved examples with MATHCAD programs are presented throughout. * Presents a comprehesive study of phase lock loops and frequency synthesis in communication systems * Written by an internationally-recognised expert in the field * Details the problem of spurious signals in PLL frequency synthesizers, a topic neglected by available competing titles * Provides detailed theorectical background coupled with practical examples of state-of-the-art device design * MATHCAD programs and simulation software to accompany the design exercises and examples This combination of thorough theoretical treatment and guidance on practical applications will appeal to mobile communication circuit designers and advanced electrical engineering students.

The latest frequency synthesis techniques, including sigma-delta, Diophantine, and all-digital Sigma-delta is a frequency synthesis technique that has risen in popularity over the past decade due to its intensely digital nature and its ability to promote miniaturization. A continuation of the popular Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock, Second Edition, this timely resource provides a broad introduction to sigma-delta by pairing practical simulation results with cutting-edge research. Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock discusses both sigma-delta and fractional-n—the still-in-use forerunner to sigma-delta—employing Simulink® models and detailed simulations of results to promote a deeper understanding. After a brief introduction, the book shows how spurs are produced at the synthesizer output by the basic process and different methods for overcoming them. It investigates how various defects in sigma-delta synthesis contribute to spurs or noise in the synthesized signal. Synthesizer configurations are analyzed, and it is revealed how to trade off the various noise sources by choosing loop parameters. Other sigma-delta synthesis architectures are then reviewed. The Simulink simulation models that provided data for the preceding discussions are described, providing guidance in making use of such models for further exploration. Next, another method for achieving wide loop bandwidth simultaneously with fine resolution—the Diophantine Frequency Synthesizer—is introduced. Operation at extreme bandwidths is also covered, further describing the analysis of synthesizers that push their bandwidths close to the sampling-frequency limit. Lastly, the book reviews a newly important technology that is poised to become widely used in high-production consumer electronics—all-digital frequency synthesis. Detailed appendices provide in-depth discussion on various stages of development, and many related resources are available for download, including Simulink models, MATLAB® scripts, spreadsheets, and executable programs. All these features make this authoritative reference ideal for electrical engineers who want to achieve an understanding of sigma-delta frequency synthesis and an awareness of the latest developments in the field.

This book explains concepts behind fractional subsampling-based frequency synthesis that is re-shaping today’s art in the field of low-noise LO generation. It covers advanced material, giving clear guidance for development of background-calibrated environments capable of spur-free synthesis and wideband phase modulation. It further expands the concepts into the field of subsampling polar transmission, where the newly developed architecture enables unprecedented spectral efficiency levels, unquestionably required by the upcoming generation of wireless standards.

A unified approach to phase-lock tecnology, spanning large to small signal-to-noise ratio applications

Emphasises the fundamentals of frequency synthesis.

How to acquire the input frequency from an unlocked state A phase locked loop (PLL) by itself cannot become useful until it has acquired the applied signal's frequency. Often, a PLL will never reach frequency acquisition (capture) without explicit assistive circuits. Curiously, few books on PLLs treat the topic of frequency acquisition in any depth or detail. Frequency Acquisition Techniques for Phase Locked Loops offers a no-nonsense treatment that is equally useful for engineers, technicians, and managers. Since mathematical rigor for its own sake can degenerate into intellectual "rigor mortis," the author introduces readers to the basics and delivers useful information with clear language and minimal mathematics. With most of the approaches having been developed through years of experience, this completely practical guide explores methods for achieving the locked state in a variety of conditions as it examines: Performance limitations of phase/frequency detector–based phase locked loops The quadricorrelator method for both continuous and sampled modes Sawtooth ramp-and-sample phase detector and how its waveform contains frequency error information that can be extracted The benefits of a self-sweeping, self-extinguishing topology Sweep methods using quadrature mixer-based lock detection The use of digital implementations versus analog Frequency Acquisition Techniques for Phase Locked Loops is an important resource for RF/microwave engineers, in particular, circuit designers; practicing electronics engineers involved in frequency synthesis, phase locked loops, carrier or clock recovery loops, radio-frequency integrated circuit design, and aerospace electronics; and managers wanting to understand the technology of phase locked loops and frequency acquisition assistance techniques or jitter attenuating loops. Errata can be found by visiting the Book Support Site at: http://booksupport.wiley.com