Advanced Wastewater Treatment Technologies For The Removal Of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds

This book reports on the treatment of waters and wastewaters with contaminants of emerging concern such as pharmaceutically active compounds. It shows how to prevent the contamination of the environment with such pollutants in the content of effluents. This book reviews various physico-chemical and biological methods that have been developed in order to deal with the polluted effluents. It also evaluates the already developed technologies regarding the sustainability criteria. The chapters discuss technical aspects and put the spotlight on the sustainability aspects of the water and wastewater treatment technologies.

This study evaluated the available information on the use, occurrence and analysis of PhACs in US water sources. It selected PhACs that are likely to be present at detectable concentrations in municipal wastewater effluent and agricultural runoff then developed simple analytical methods for quantifying these PhACs. With this and the samples attained, preliminary assessment of the ability of wastewater treatment plants, engineered treatment wetlands and soil aquifer treatment systems to remove PhACs was determined and discussed. Since PhACs have been confirmed as present in drinking water sources, additional research is recommended.

Development in Wastewater Treatment Research and Processes: Innovative Trends in Removal of Refractory Pollutants from Pharmaceutical Waste Water sorts out emerging and burning issues faced by the pharmaceutical industry, along with common effluent treatment plans. The book provides a comprehensive view of recent advents of various novel, advanced and hybrid treatment technologies in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment to treat emerging pollutants released by the pharmaceutical industry in their untreated wastewater. In addition, the book gives insights into recent developments with a physico-chemical and microbiological focus on the treatment of emerging contaminants (pollutants) present in pharmaceutical wastewater. Discusses fundamentals of physico-chemical and microbiological wastewater treatment systems, advantages, limitations and promising solutions of different types of emerging contaminants present in pharmaceutical wastewater Presents recent trends and developments in the removal of refractory organics (pollutants/contaminants) from pharmaceutical wastewater for achieving sustainable wastewater treatment Covers applications of various advanced and hybrid treatment technologies for the removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants Includes hybrid treatment technologies, their design and application in the removal of pharmaceutical wastewater contaminants Addresses challenges for the full-scale implementation of bioreactors for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Water Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The Theme on Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies deals, in three volumes, and covers several topics, with several issues of great relevance to our world such as: Urban Wastewater Treatment; Characteristics of Effluent Organic Matter in Wastewater; Filtration Technologies in wastewater treatment; Air Stripping in Industrial Wastewater Treatment; Dissolved air flotation in industrial wastewater treatment; Membrane Technology for Organic Removal in Wastewater; Adsorption and Biological Filtration in Wastewater Treatment; Physico-chemical processes for Organic removal from wastewater effluent; Deep Bed Filtration: Modelling Theory And Practice ; Specific options in biological wastewater treatment for reclamation and reuse ; Biological Phosphorus Removal Processes For Wastewater Treatment ; Sequencing Batch Reactors: Principles, Design/Operation And Case Studies ; Wastewater stabilization ponds (WSP)for wastewater treatment; Treatment of industrial wastewater by membrane bioreactors; Stormwater treatment technologies; Sludge Treatment Technologies ; Wastewater Treatment Technology For Tanning Industry; Palm Oil And Palm Waste Potential In Indonesia ; Recirculating Aquaculture Systems – A Review ; Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)reactor in wastewater treatment; Applied Technologies In Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Leachate Treatment; Water Mining: Planning and Implementation Issues for a successful project; Assessment methodologies for water reuse scheme and technology; Nanotechnology for Wastewater Treatment. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, Managers, and Decision makers and NGOs.

The book presents new materials and methods for waste water treatments; including advanced oxidation processes, membrane technologies, detection and removal of heavy metals and organic compounds, and the use of nanomaterials, low cost adsorbents and bio flocculants. Keywords: Wastewater Treatment, Organic Molecule Degradation, Bio Flocculants, Coagulants, Pyrene, Pharmaceutical Compounds, Photocatalytic Degradation, Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide, Arsenic Removal, Membrane Technology, Activated Charcoal, Adsorbent Derived from Egg Shells, Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Colorimetric Analysis, Luminescence, Spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption, Mass Spectrometric and Biosensor Based Techniques.

The presence of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutically active compounds (PhAC) such as pesticides, personal care products, antibiotics and pharmaceutical compounds, in sewage, industrial, and domestic waters has extensively become the major concern for health and environmental organizations. These compounds have the ability to interact with mammalian endocrine system and disrupting their functions. The traditional activated sludge processes are designed to degrade solids, organic carbon and nitrogen loading. Although several treatment steps in a wastewater treatment plant can contribute to partial removal of EDCs, effective removal has been a challenge due to their resistant chemical and biological degradation and extreme low concentrations. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in this study is novella better water reclamation technology that shows several advantages including stable operation conditions due to long solid retention time (SRT); concentrated mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS); and low F/M ration in comparison with conventional wastewater treatment. This research will utilize these advanced membrane technologies to develop wastewater treatment processes for removal of EDCs in order to recover and reuse wastewater to augment drinking water supplies. A set of model EDCs including acetaminophen, amoxicillin, atrazine, estrone, and triclosan were selected to study the removal by membrane bioreactor. Those compounds were chosen based on their concentrations present in Oklahoma and Arkansas wastewater and to represent each group of compounds. Optimized HPLC method was used for detection of these model compounds. A Lab-scale MBR operated with real wastewater was tested under different operating conditions, such as retention time and volatile suspended solids concentrations to remove the spiked EDCs. The module MBR can reach desired chemical oxygen demand COD (

Analysis, Removal, Effects and Risk of Pharmaceuticals in the Water Cycle provides an overview of the current analytical methods for trace determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. The book also reviews the fate and occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water cycle for their elimination in wastewater and drinking water treatment, focusing on the newest developments in treatment technologies, such as membrane bioreactors and advanced oxidation processes. Pharmaceutically active substances are a class of new, so-called emerging contaminants that have raised great concern in recent years. Human and veterinary drugs are continuously being released into the environment mainly as a result of the manufacturing processes, the disposal of unused or expired products, and via excreta. The analytical methodology for the determination of trace pharmaceuticals in complex environmental matrices is still evolving, and the number of methods described in the literature has grown considerably. This volume leads the way, keeping chemistry students, toxicologists, engineers, wastewater managers and related professionals current with developments in this quickly evolving area. Covers the latest developments in trace determinations Concise and critical compilation of the recent literature Focuses on new treatment technologies

Technical information for using activated sludge to treat effluents from multiple industries Covers virtually all traditional and advanced methods, as well as treatability and process modeling New methods for removing U.S. and European regulated microconstituents, trace organics, active pharmaceutical ingredients and other contaminants Explains advances in water reuse and plant retrofitting Useful for in-house training This comprehensive book presents critical information on the applications of activated sludge for treating industrial wastewaters, as well as other effluents that impact POTWs. The book offers details on how advances in activated sludge can be deployed to meet more stringent discharge limits by explaining many novel variations of activated sludge and offering technical guidance on process modeling and optimization. Special attention is given to emerging contaminants and water reuse strategies. Case studies are drawn from the pharma, food and shale gas industries. Based on short courses taught by the authors, as well as hundreds of hours of in-plant consulting, this book offers the tools to understand and modify the activated sludge process for superior and sustainable wastewater treatment. From the Authors' Preface: "After speaking with practitioners, operators and engineers, the authors felt a new text was needed...to cover the following developments: "the continued evolution of the activated sludge process and its numerous designs, configurations and technology developments; "design of industrial water reuse systems...to achieve industry sustainability goals; "changes...from BOD, TSS and nutrient removal to removal of specific organics, toxicity...microconstituents, and more stringent effluent permit limits; "advances in process modeling tools that can be used in combination with treatability testing tools for plant design, optimization and troubleshooting; "concerns over industrial wastewater discharge impacts to POTWs, such as nitrification inhibition, the impact of frac water...and the fate of microconstituents through POTWs."