Advances In Orchid Biology Biotechnology And Omics

This book provides comprehensive insights into the existing and emerging trends in orchid biology based on the findings of omics, high-throughput technology, biotechnology, molecular breeding, and genome editing approaches in orchids. It illustrates molecular mechanisms of orchid mycorrhizal symbiosis according to the recent achievements of transcriptomics and bioinformatics studies which accelerate the progress of orchid research with the aid of their high-throughput tools. In this book, a comprehensive view of orchid breeding was presented, and it includes fundamental methods as well as advanced strategies through the combination of several technologies such as genetic engineering, omics, computational biology, and genome editing. These resulting knowledge and tools are highly beneficial for obtaining novel and fascinating varieties in the orchid market which is a competitive industry of global trade. Another interesting content is the focus on the production of orchid bioactive compounds and their values in the field of ethnomedicine. Their sources chiefly came from secondary metabolites and can be enriched through elicitors and produced more efficiently by improved tissue culture protocols and bioreactors. In this edited collection, we provided space for presenting an updated review of in vitro seed germination which is a routine technology for well-trained researchers but can give a complete demonstration for the potential audiences including growers and research beginners. This book collects refined knowledge from a broad source of scientific literature by experts in the field of orchid research and surely is an adequate reference and textbook for students, teachers, and researchers. It includes methods and applications of orchid breeding technology which would gain high attention from growers, breeders, and the related fields of agriculture.

Orchids are fascinating, with attractive flowers that sell in the markets and an increasing demand around the world. Additionally, some orchids are edible or scented and have long been used in preparations of traditional medicine. This book presents recent advances in orchid biochemistry, including original research articles and reviews. It provides in-depth insights into the biology of flower pigments, floral scent formation, bioactive compounds, pollination, and plant–microbial interaction as well as the biotechnology of protocorm-like bodies in orchids. It reveals the secret of orchid biology using molecular tools, advanced biotechnology, multi-omics, and high-throughput technologies and offers a critical reference for the readers. This book explores the knowledge about species evolution using comparative transcriptomics, flower spot patterning, involving the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways, the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, which contributes to leaf color formation, gene regulation in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds, the mechanism of pollination, involving the biosynthesis of semiochemicals, gene expression patterns of volatile organic compounds, the symbiotic relationship between orchids and mycorrhizal fungi, techniques using induction, proliferation, and regeneration of protocorm-like bodies, and so on. In this book, important or model orchid species were studied, including Anoectochilus roxburghii, Bletilla striata, Cymbidium sinense, Dendrobium officinale, Ophrys insectifera, Phalaenopsis ‘Panda’, Pleione limprichtii.

The diversity and specialization in orchid floral morphology have fascinated botanists and collectors for centuries. In the past 10 years, the orchid industry has been growing substantially worldwide. This interesting book focuses on the recent advances in orchid biotechnology research since the last 10 years in Taiwan. To advance the orchid industry, enhancement of basic research as well as advanced biotechnology will provide a good platform to improve the flower quality and breeding of new varieties. Important topics covered include the new knowledge of basic genome, through floral morphogenesis, floral ontology, embryogenesis, micropropagation, to functional genomics such as EST, virus-induced gene silencing, and genetic transformation.

Orchid Biotechnology II presents a series of recent works on both basic and applied researches in biotechnology progress for Phalaenopsis and Oncidium orchids. These include the development of flower, ovule, gynostemium and perianth, the discovery of new orchid-infecting viruses and virus movement, secondary metabolites, technology of DNA endoduplication and genetic transformation, growth regulation by micronutrition and orchid mycorrhiza, and plant growth substances for flowering. The diversity and specialization in orchid floral morphology have fascinated botanists and collectors for centuries. The orchid industry has been growing substantially in the past ten years worldwide. This book focuses on the recent advances in the research of orchid biotechnology from the past ten years in Taiwan. To advance the orchid industry, enhancement of basic research as well as advanced biotechnology will provide a good platform to improve flower quality and breeding of new varieties. Contents:Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of Phalaenopsis SpeciesEndopolyploidy in Phalaenopsis Orchids and Its Application in Polyploid BreedingGrowth Responses and Changes of Active Components as Influenced by Elevations and Orchid Mycorrhizae on Anoectochilus Formosanus HayataCompositional Variation in the Polysaccharides of the Pseudobulb of Oncidium Gower Ramsey During Different Stages of Inflorescence DevelopmentColoration and Color Patterning in Floral Tissues of Oncidium Gower RamseyQualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Pigments in Phalaenopsis SpeciesBiosynthetic Pathway of Pigments in Phalaenopsis SpeciesBiosynthetic Regulation of Floral Scent in PhalaenopsisWarm- and Cool-Night Temperature Alter Carbon Dioxide Fixation Pattern and Biochemical Metabolism in Phalaenopsis Aphroditeand other papers Readership: Graduate students and researchers in crop science, plant physiology, molecular biology, microbiology/virology, biochemistry, genetics/genomics, tissue engineering, biotechnology, botany/plant biology, natural product research. Keywords:Chloroplast Transcripts;Chloroplast RNA Editing Sites;C-to-U Conversion;RNA Editing;Phalaenopsis Aphrodite;Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein;NADH Dehydrogenase;Pseudogenes;ABCDE Model;Arabidopsis Thaliana;Flower Development;Flower Transition;MADS Box GeneKey Features:This book provides first-hand and complete information for orchid lovers, researchers and industry growersReviews: “All 18 chapters are excellently conceived, well written, properly edited and very well illustrated. Most are relatively short and concise but very informative … advanced growers and orchid scientists will find it valuable, informative and interesting.” The Biologist

Orchid Biotechnology IV presents a series of recent work on both basic and applied researches in biotechnology progress for Phalaenopsis, Oncidium and Erycina pusila orchids. These include breeding of Phalaenopsis orchids of black flower, big-white flower and small and floriferous flowers, physiology for shipping and photosynthesis, SSR markers and mitochondrial DNA markers, virus detection and antiviral immunity, embyogenesis and relationship with mycorrhiza symbiosis, transposon and retrotransposon, orchid genome and evolution, regulation of orchid floral scent, floral color modification, and abiotic stress tolerance.The diversity and specialization in orchid floral morphology have fascinated botanists and collectors for centuries. The orchid industry has been growing substantially worldwide. To advance the orchid industry, enhancement of basic research as well as advanced biotechnology will provide a good platform to improve the flower quality and the breeding of new varieties. This book provides a first-hand and up-to-date information on orchid breeding, orchid genome evolution, detection of virus in nanotechnology, molecular markers for cultivar identification for orchid lovers, researchers and industry growers.

Examines the biology, history, evolution and commercial uses of orchids. All aspects of the orchid are explored including how they are classified and named; the cytology, physiology, phytochemistry and morphology of orchids; their anatomy, mycorrhiza, pollination, embryology, reproduction, heredity and breeding and ecological characteristics. Numerous illustrations throughout aid in comprehension.

This book provides a first hand and complete information on orchid biotechnology for orchid lovers, graduate students, researchers and industry growers. It contains comprehensive genomics and transcriptomics data, and a thorough discussion of the molecular mechanism of orchid floral morphogenesis. The contributors to the book are all orchid enthusiasts with more than 20 years' experience in the field. With more than 25,000 species, orchids are the most species-rich of all angiosperm families. They show wide diversity of epiphytic and terrestrial growth forms and have successfully colonized almost every habitat on earth. Orchids are fantastic for their spectacular flowers with highly evolved petal, labellum, and fused androecium and gynoecium, gynostemium, to attract pollinators for effective pollination. In addition, orchids have attracted the interest of many evolutionary biologists due to their highly specialized evolution and adaptation strategies. Orchid Biotechnology III covers the most update knowledge of orchid biotechnology research on Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cymbidium, Anoectohilus, Paphiopedilum, and Erycina pusilla. It will provide graduate students, researchers, orchid lovers and breeders with an opportunity to understand the mechanism why the orchids are so mysterious and spectacular. Hopefully, this information will be helpful for breeders to enhance orchid breeding and create even more elegant and grace flowers.

As stated many times before the purpose of Orchid Biology, Reviews and Perspectives (OB) is to present reviews on all aspects of orchids. The aim is not to balance every volume, but to make a balanced and wide ranging presentation of orchids in the series as a whole. The chapters in this, the last volume of the series, range over a number of topics which were not covered before. Singapore is justly famed for its orchids. They can be seen on arrival (or dep- ture) in its modern, highly efficient and comfortable Changi Airport and on the way from it to town. Vanda Miss Joaquim, the first hybrid to come from Singapore became its National Flower. This natural hybrid can be seen on its currency, stamps, and public and private decorations. Many excellent breeders, starting with Prof. Eric Holttum who bred the first man made hybrid (Spathoglottis Primrose), produced numerous magnificent hybrids and won countless awards in Singapore and elsewhere. These hybrids served to enrich the country’s orchid mystique. In the opening chapter of this volume Dr. Teoh Eng Soon (Western style: Eng Soon Teoh), himself a prize winning orchid breeder, grower and author writes about some of the breeders who contributed to the Singapore orchid fame. Prof. Hans Fitting was one of the best known plant physiologists of his time. As a young man he studied the effects of pollen on orchid flowers.