Ageing Of Rubber

Annotation This report details the results of accelerated heat ageing studies undertaken on re-mixed samples of those materials studied for the natural ageing study and on the 20 new compounds chosen to represent polymers not available in 1958 and to reflect changes in compounding practice. In addition to those properties studied for the artificial weathering exposures compression set and dynamic properties were also measured.

A unique collection of long term ageing data, available for the first time, from Rapra Technology Limited. This report is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Programme. Rapra Technology Limited has just completed a comprehensive natural ageing and physical testing programme on 19 rubber compounds, stored in controlled conditions, for a period of 40 years. This is believed to be the most extensive such study ever carried out. Now, for the first time, all the results of this unique programme have been published in this report. The properties of natural and synthetic rubbers suit them to a diverse range of applications, many of which demand a prolonged service life, and the retention of some or all of their mechanical properties for years or even decades. When the ageing programme was conceived in the 1950s, rubber product manufacturers were faced with a wider range of raw rubbers than had ever been available before. The relatively recent development of some of these materials also meant that there was little information available regarding their longevity. Thus the need was identified for a systematic programme of storage and testing. Rubber formulations were selected to represent those used in a wide range of applications, including general purpose and 'good ageing' grades. The results of all these tests are presented graphically in this report, allowing the rate of deterioration of properties and the influence of the environment to be clearly seen. Properties after 40 years are also tabulated, together with calculationsof percentage change. This information wi

The properties of rubbers are subject to change as a result of ageing, ultimately to the point where the material is no longer capable of fulfilling its function. After a brief introduction to the main environmental and mechanical factors affecting performance, this review focuses on the thermo-oxidative ageing of rubber. It considers the methods of, and the published results from, both natural and accelerated tests. A major section of the report is devoted to exposure and test techniques with discussion of the methods of physical and chemical analysis. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.

This report is an output from the Weathering of Elastomers and Sealants project, which forms part of the UK government's Department of Trade and Industry's Degradation of Materials in Aggressive Environments Programme. A long-term natural ageing programme was started in 1958 when 19 rubber compounds were exposed at 3 locations. The final sets of test pieces were withdrawn in 1998 giving a total of 40 years of natural ageing. The results of the physical tests carried out at intervals over the period were published in 2000 by Rapra in 'Natural Ageing of Rubber?Changes in Physical Properties over.

The properties of rubbers are subject to change as a result of ageing, ultimately to the point where the material is no longer capable of fulfilling its function. In many applications, the longevity of rubber components is of critical importance. During its lifetime a rubber may be subjected to a variety of exposure conditions leading to different types of degradation. After a brief introduction to the main environmental and mechanical factors affecting performance, the authors of this Rapra Review Report focus on the thermo-oxidative ageing of rubber. As the lifetime for some products is meas.

Recent developments in the modelling of rubber are collated in this volume, including not only stress-strain behaviour and the use of the large strain finite element method for simulation, but also fatigue, fracture, filler reinforcement, dynamic properties and the effects of ageing.