Ai In Policing

This edited text draws together the insights of numerous worldwide eminent academics to evaluate the condition of predictive policing and artificial intelligence (AI) as interlocked policy areas. Predictive and AI technologies are growing in prominence and at an unprecedented rate. Powerful digital crime mapping tools are being used to identify crime hotspots in real-time, as pattern-matching and search algorithms are sorting through huge police databases populated by growing volumes of data in an eff ort to identify people liable to experience (or commit) crime, places likely to host it, and variables associated with its solvability. Facial and vehicle recognition cameras are locating criminals as they move, while police services develop strategies informed by machine learning and other kinds of predictive analytics. Many of these innovations are features of modern policing in the UK, the US and Australia, among other jurisdictions. AI promises to reduce unnecessary labour, speed up various forms of police work, encourage police forces to more efficiently apportion their resources, and enable police officers to prevent crime and protect people from a variety of future harms. However, the promises of predictive and AI technologies and innovations do not always match reality. They often have significant weaknesses, come at a considerable cost and require challenging trade- off s to be made. Focusing on the UK, the US and Australia, this book explores themes of choice architecture, decision- making, human rights, accountability and the rule of law, as well as future uses of AI and predictive technologies in various policing contexts. The text contributes to ongoing debates on the benefits and biases of predictive algorithms, big data sets, machine learning systems, and broader policing strategies and challenges. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to students and scholars of policing, criminology, crime science, sociology, computer science, cognitive psychology and all those interested in the emergence of AI as a feature of contemporary policing.

Chapter “Predictive Policing in 2025: A Scenario” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Winner, 2018 Law & Legal Studies PROSE Award The consequences of big data and algorithm-driven policing and its impact on law enforcement In a high-tech command center in downtown Los Angeles, a digital map lights up with 911 calls, television monitors track breaking news stories, surveillance cameras sweep the streets, and rows of networked computers link analysts and police officers to a wealth of law enforcement intelligence. This is just a glimpse into a future where software predicts future crimes, algorithms generate virtual “most-wanted” lists, and databanks collect personal and biometric information. The Rise of Big Data Policing introduces the cutting-edge technology that is changing how the police do their jobs and shows why it is more important than ever that citizens understand the far-reaching consequences of big data surveillance as a law enforcement tool. Andrew Guthrie Ferguson reveals how these new technologies —viewed as race-neutral and objective—have been eagerly adopted by police departments hoping to distance themselves from claims of racial bias and unconstitutional practices. After a series of high-profile police shootings and federal investigations into systemic police misconduct, and in an era of law enforcement budget cutbacks, data-driven policing has been billed as a way to “turn the page” on racial bias. But behind the data are real people, and difficult questions remain about racial discrimination and the potential to distort constitutional protections. In this first book on big data policing, Ferguson offers an examination of how new technologies will alter the who, where, when and how we police. These new technologies also offer data-driven methods to improve police accountability and to remedy the underlying socio-economic risk factors that encourage crime. The Rise of Big Data Policing is a must read for anyone concerned with how technology will revolutionize law enforcement and its potential threat to the security, privacy, and constitutional rights of citizens. Read an excerpt and interview with Andrew Guthrie Ferguson in The Economist.

Dive into the revolutionary intersection of law enforcement and cutting-edge technology with "AI in Policing: The Emergence of Predictive Analytics." This illuminating book explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in shaping the landscape of modern policing, specifically through the lens of predictive analytics. From crime prevention to proactive intervention, AI has swiftly become an invaluable tool for law enforcement agencies. This book navigates the ethical considerations, challenges, and unprecedented opportunities brought forth by the fusion of AI and policing. Unravel the complex web of algorithms, machine learning, and data analysis that empowers law enforcement to forecast potential criminal activity, enhancing strategic decision-making and resource allocation. Inside "AI in Policing," readers will discover: The Evolution of Predictive Analytics: Trace the evolution of predictive analytics and its integration into the fabric of modern policing, from its nascent stages to its current advanced applications. Ethical and Legal Implications: Delve into the ethical considerations and legal ramifications of implementing AI-driven predictive technologies in law enforcement, exploring the delicate balance between security and individual rights. Success Stories and Challenges: Learn from real-world case studies showcasing the successes and challenges encountered by law enforcement agencies leveraging predictive analytics, providing insights into its efficacy and limitations. This book is a comprehensive guide, designed not only for law enforcement professionals, policymakers, and technologists but also for anyone intrigued by the dynamic fusion of AI and public safety. It offers a balanced perspective on the potential, limitations, and ethical boundaries of AI applications in the realm of policing. "AI in Policing: The Emergence of Predictive Analytics" is an essential resource for understanding the profound impact of AI on the future of law enforcement, offering a thought-provoking exploration of the evolving landscape at the convergence of technology and public safety. Prepare to embark on a thought-provoking journey that unveils the possibilities and challenges of AI-driven predictive analytics in policing. Whether you're a scholar, a professional in the field, or an individual seeking insight into the technological advancements shaping our society, this book will illuminate the path forward in law enforcement's evolving landscape. Get ready to immerse yourself in the profound transformation of law enforcement through the pages of "AI in Policing: The Emergence of Predictive Analytics." Explore the future of policing and the powerful integration of AI in reshaping security strategies and crime prevention.

In an era of rapid technological advancements and unprecedented possibilities, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) promises to redefine the world of law enforcement. From surveillance and monitoring to predictive policing and proactive crime prevention, AGI has the potential to revolutionize the way police agencies operate and address the complex challenges of public safety. "AGI and the Thin Blue Line: Unleashing the Power of AI in Modern Policing" offers a comprehensive examination of the transformative potential of AGI, its implications, and its practical applications in the field of policing. This timely book is being released on the verge of the announcement by NYC Mayor Eric Adams that the New York City Police Department is bringing back the Knightscope K5 robots to patrol Times Square alongside with Boston Dynamic’s Spot dogs. The fact that autonomous security robots are being used to patrol the streets of New York City, the most populous city in United States, serves as a testament to the rapidly evolving landscape of AI integration in law enforcement. Structured into seven key chapters, this book investigates the role of AGI in modern law enforcement, showcasing the potential for advanced AI systems to detect and track criminal activities through the analysis of vast data sources. It highlights the applications of AGI in surveillance, pattern recognition, and anomaly detection, while discussing potential challenges in terms of ensuring data security and integrity and it also delves into the ethical and legal implications of AI use in policing, discussing the importance of addressing algorithmic bias, and protecting privacy and civil liberties. Drawing on insights from professionals, academics, and industry experts, "AGI and the Thin Blue Line: Unleashing the Power of AI in Modern Policing" offers a balanced and forward-looking perspective on the challenges and opportunities presented by AGI in law enforcement. As technology continues to reshape the field of policing, this book serves as a vital resource for policymakers, law enforcement professionals, academics, and anyone interested in understanding the implications and possibilities of AGI in modern policing.

Predict and Surveil offers an unprecedented, inside look at how police use big data and new surveillance technologies. Sarah Brayne conducted years of fieldwork with the LAPD--one of the largest and most technically advanced law enforcement agencies in the world-to reveal the unmet promises and very real perils of police use of data--driven surveillance and analytics.

Blockchains and cryptocurrencies, open banking, virtual assets, and artificial intelligence have become the buzzword of this decade. This book focuses on these ‘disruptive’ financial technologies that provide alternatives to the traditional financial services typically offered by regulated financial institutions. Financial technologies are characterized by the innovative ways in which they initiate, support or extend traditional financial services or offer alternative financial pathways and products. However, these financial technologies also pose money laundering and terrorist and proliferation financing as well as cyber security risks that require mitigation. This edited volume addresses a range of regulatory and enforcement challenges related to financial technology and financial crime. The book responds to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, in particular in relation to economic development, employment, national security, law enforcement and social well-being. Fostering responsible financial innovation promotes long-term economic growth, inclusion, and improved living standards. This book explores how to promote financial innovation while mitigating risks in a way that ensures financial prosperity and social inclusion.

As the complexities and problems that plague law enforcement agencies continue to proliferate, the need to utilize every available tool has led to the application of expert systems to law enforcement activities. This first book to explore this application is both practical and conceptually clear as it explains the potential utility of expert systems and their impact on operations and management. Such systems can support command and control through computer-aided dispatching, assist in the solution of high volume crimes such as residential burglaries, aid in the design of programs for the apprehension and prosecution of career criminals and repeat offenders, upgrade personnel through enhanced training programs, and provide an improved method for the delivery of technical assistance and training services. Until now, literature to assist organizations that could benefit from this technology has been scarce. Ratledge and Jacoby have geared their discussions to a wide audience which includes both practitioners and the academic community. This handbook offers clear, systematic explanations of the applications of expert systems in the world of law enforcement. It discusses the impact of these systems on traditional ways of policing and crime solving, and details a set of practical guidelines for jurisdictions considering the use of expert systems. The text is designed to present information in an order that progresses from general to technical aspects of the subject. The first two chapters provide an overview of expert systems as they apply to different law enforcement areas and discuss the policy issues they create. The next section describes practical applications of expert systems in computer-aided dispatching, crime solving, and training. Chapter 4 explains the basic steps in building expert systems, its terminology, and general characteristics. Chapter 5 offers an introduction to artificial intelligence and its uses in problem solving and expert systems. Written with the expert systems designer or data processing manager in mind, Chapter 6 reviews the problems encountered in linking inferencing to data processing and the efficiencies and technical requirements of the system. In Chapter 7, a case study of the Baltimore County Police Department's expert system for residential burglaries is presented and the steps taken in the development of that system are described. Included in the valuable appendices are a list of vendors, two bibliographies including an annotated one relating to current policing issues and one dealing with technical publications, and a glossary. This timely handbook will enable practitioners in criminal justice to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of expert systems. It also provides up-to-the-minute information for computer system consultants and academicians and students in computer science and criminal justice administration.