Albania In Transition

This book focuses on the trials and tribulations of Albania's efforts to create a democratic political order. It assesses the degree and significance of changes since the early 1990s, providing a detailed account of the transition from Communist Party rule to multiparty competition.

In early 1997, Albania's transition to democracy suffered a serious setback when pyramid schemes sparked violent unrest, plunging the country into its worst political and economic crisis since the downfall of communism. The uprisings and subsequent elections, in which the Socialist Party won a landslide victory, have made front-page news in the int

Catapulted from totalitarianism to free market capitalism in 1991, Albania emerged from half a century of isolation to find itself an anomaly in Europe: a third world country economically and infra-structurally, first world in terms of education, literature and the arts. This portrait of Albania's 'transition' is based on the experiences of a diverse range of families – highland villagers, urban elite, shanty dwellers - whose lives the anthropologist author has followed closely since 1992. Village life is conveyed in vivid detail. The villagers deal with the grinding poverty of village life with humour, charm and reslience. Rural life, despite concerted attempts by the communist regime to eradicate 'backwardness', is still pervaded by the archaic world of customary law, a system whose influence spans dispute settlement, forest rights, marriage arrangement and blood-feuds. In the capital, Tirana, members of the former communist elite are courted by innumerable missionary groups and

This book is a contribution by a diverse group of authors from the academic, business and policy advice communities to our understanding of recent social and economic developments in Albania. The motivation for this book is that there are lessons of wider importance to be learnt from the fascinating story of recent Albanian developments. Michael Kaser opens the book with a recounting of the country's history and political economy before and during transition. He brings to the job nearly six decades of professional experience as a diplomat and academic and an intimate knowledge of Albania. This chapter provides a detailed political history during transition up to late 2004. Dirk Bezemer contributes an analysis of the collapse in early 1997 of the economy and society brought about by Ponzi schemes. He links the lack of productivity growth and the growth of a 'virtual' financial sector to policy practice focusing on macro stability and state abstinence from interfering in sectoral issues - policies which are still common in many transition and developing economies. Albania has implemented tight monetary policy, stabilised the exchange rate, implemented prudent fiscal polices, and achieved a significant reduction in domestic borrowing, all contributing to the decline of the overall deficit. Based on his expertise as an IMF analyst, Treichel discusses Albania's macroeconomic prospects. Nevila Konica documents the large Albanian emigration flows during transition, leading to an estimated ten percent of the population working outside Albanian territory. Based on her large primary survey data set, she explores personal attributes that characterise emigrants, as well as the extent of the 'brain drain'. She finds that remittances from emigration have been vitally important to Albania's economy by contributing to household incomes and reducing domestic unemployment. Klarita Gerxhani delves deeper into the nature of the informal economy and presents key insights from her original academic research based on fieldwork in Tirana. In her study of the street vending sector she traces its emergence to clear 'push' and 'pull' factors. emigration issue in the broader context of labour market developments. They analyse the large regional differences in unemployment rate, the large share of long-term unemployment and the persistently higher-than-average unemployment rate and falling participation rate for women. They also conclude that emigration reduced the pressure of unemployment in the labour market and on the government's budget, and contributed to financing imports, consumption and investments through remittances. Gloria La Cava uses her research experience as World Bank Senior Social Scientist specialising in the region to address, jointly with co-author Rafaella Nanetti, the changing socio-economic conditions that Albanians face. They focus on the nature of people's vulnerability resulting from a loss of social support during the transformation years, and on social programs addressing new needs. World Bank analyst Malcolm Childress discusses the 'unfinished business of land and property reform' in Albania. emergence of a dynamic land market and the sustained supply response which was expected. Urban property privatisation has fostered a construction boom in Tirana and along the coast and the creation of large areas of informal settlement on the outskirts of Tirana and Durres. Childress provides an insightful discussion of possible consequences. In the final chapter on agriculture, Pasquale Pazienza highlight key problems of land fragmentation and under-investment (particularly in the irrigation system), illuminating the current situation with the post-war history of agricultural and land reforms. He explores the determinants of productivity in a production function framework taking a long-term view, and draws out implication for what is still the largest sector in Albania's economy.

Embark on a transformative journey with "Relocating to Albania," your indispensable companion for a seamless transition to this enchanting Balkan nation. Whether you're drawn to Albania's rich history, stunning landscapes, or vibrant culture, this comprehensive guide is designed to make your relocation experience smooth, rewarding, and filled with unforgettable moments. In this expertly crafted guide, you'll find a treasure trove of insights, practical tips, and cultural wisdom to guide you through every step of the relocation process. From understanding visa requirements and finding the perfect accommodation to immersing yourself in the local culture and building a fulfilling social circle, each chapter is a roadmap for a successful and enriching life in Albania. Key Features: Cultural Odyssey: Uncover the nuances of Albanian culture, from traditional customs to modern lifestyles. Learn essential phrases and etiquette to effortlessly navigate daily interactions. Practical Planning: Navigate the bureaucratic landscape with ease, understanding visa processes, legal requirements, and essential documentation. This guide provides a roadmap to streamline your move and ensure a hassle-free transition. Housing Haven: Discover the perfect place to call home. Explore diverse neighborhoods, learn about rental markets, and find accommodation options that suit your lifestyle and preferences. Language and Connection: Break down language barriers and connect with locals. Dive into language learning strategies and immerse yourself in the vibrant social fabric of Albania, building connections that go beyond borders. Education and Employment: Whether you're pursuing educational opportunities or seeking employment, this guide provides insights into Albania's education system and job market, ensuring a successful professional and personal life. Adventures Await: Explore the breathtaking landscapes, cultural gems, and outdoor wonders that Albania has to offer. From the historic streets of Tirana to the pristine beaches of the Albanian Riviera, every corner invites you on an unforgettable journey. Community and Support: Forge meaningful connections with fellow expatriates and locals. Navigate the intricacies of social dynamics and discover support systems that make you feel at home. "Relocating to Albania" is more than a guide; it's a companion for those seeking to embrace the allure of this hidden gem in the heart of the Balkans. Whether you're a seasoned traveler or embarking on your first international move, this book is your passport to a seamless transition, cultural enrichment, and the promise of a fulfilling life in Albania. Let the adventure begin!

Albania is one of the youngest European states and the last country to emerge from the collapse of Ottoman Turkish power at the beginning of the 20th century. Underlying Albania's often-turbulent history is an extraordinary archaeological heritage of international significance, the evidence of which is to be found everywhere in the cities and countryside, hills and mountains. Each year, thousands of tourists visit Albania, drawn primarily to the vast archaeological site at Butrint - now almost forgotten, but viewed by historians as the Marseilles of its time as late as the Middle Ages - but also experiencing a number of the other archaeological and heritage sites which Albania has to offer, including Shkodra, Apollonia, and Berat. In addition to these sites, there are a number of lesser-known, but nonetheless exquisite sites and monuments which visitors are often unaware of. This guide provides a unique introduction to 50 of Albania's archaeological sites, enabling visitors to enjoy the best-known sites, but also to venture out to the more remote monuments, many in stunning locations. This book will lead the visitor in the footsteps of Odysseus, Caesar and Lord Byron, through Illyrian valleys and over breathtaking mountain passes to explore the beautiful country of Albania and its archaeological heritage.