Analogy As Structure And Process
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Analogy as Structure and Process
Author | : Esa Itkonen |
Publsiher | : John Benjamins Publishing |
Total Pages | : 266 |
Release | : 2005-12-08 |
Genre | : Philosophy |
ISBN | : 9789027294012 |
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The concept of analogy is of central concern to modern cognitive scientists, whereas it has been largely neglected in linguistics in the past four decades. The goal of this thought-provoking book is (1) to introduce a cognitively and linguistically viable notion of analogy; and (2) to re-establish and build on traditional linguistic analogy-based research. As a starting point, a general definition of analogy is offered that makes the distinction between analogy-as-structure and analogy-as-process. Chapter 2 deals with analogy as used in traditional linguistics. It demonstrates how phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and diachronic linguistics make use of analogy and discusses linguistic domains in which analogy does or did not work. The appendix gives a description of a computer program, which performs such instances of analogy-based syntactic analysis as have long been claimed impossible. Chapter 3 supports the ultimate (non-modular) ‘unity of the mind’ and discusses the existence of pervasive analogies between language and such cognitive domains as vision, music, and logic. The final chapter presents evidence for the view that the cosmology of every culture is based on analogy. At a more abstract level, the role of analogy in scientific change is scrutinized, resulting in a meta-analogy between myth and science.
Analogy as Structure and Process
Author | : Esa Itkonen |
Publsiher | : John Benjamins Publishing |
Total Pages | : 272 |
Release | : 2005-01-01 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 9027223661 |
Download Analogy as Structure and Process Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle
The concept of analogy is of central concern to modern cognitive scientists, whereas it has been largely neglected in linguistics in the past four decades. The goal of this thought-provoking book is (1) to introduce a cognitively and linguistically viable notion of analogy; and (2) to re-establish and build on traditional linguistic analogy-based research. As a starting point, a general definition of analogy is offered that makes the distinction between analogy-as-structure and analogy-as-process. Chapter 2 deals with analogy as used in traditional linguistics. It demonstrates how phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and diachronic linguistics make use of analogy and discusses linguistic domains in which analogy does or did not work. The appendix gives a description of a computer program, which performs such instances of analogy-based syntactic analysis as have long been claimed impossible. Chapter 3 supports the ultimate (non-modular) 'unity of the mind' and discusses the existence of pervasive analogies between language and such cognitive domains as vision, music, and logic. The final chapter presents evidence for the view that the cosmology of every culture is based on analogy. At a more abstract level, the role of analogy in scientific change is scrutinized, resulting in a meta-analogy between myth and science.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Author | : Mitra Baratchi,Lu Cao,Walter A. Kosters,Jefrey Lijffijt,Jan N. van Rijn,Frank W. Takes |
Publsiher | : Springer Nature |
Total Pages | : 203 |
Release | : 2021-05-19 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 9783030766405 |
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This book contains a selection of the best papers of the 32nd Benelux Conference on Artificial Intelligence, BNAIC/Benelearn 2020, held in Leiden, The Netherlands, in November 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online. The 12 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 41 regular submissions. They address various aspects of artificial intelligence such as natural language processing, agent technology, game theory, problem solving, machine learning, human-agent interaction, AI and education, and data analysis. The chapter 11 is published open access under a CC BY license (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License) Chapter “Gaining Insight into Determinants of Physical Activity Using Bayesian Network Learning” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com..
Analogy Levelling Markedness
Author | : Aditi Lahiri |
Publsiher | : Walter de Gruyter |
Total Pages | : 196 |
Release | : 2003 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 3110175525 |
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Ranging from tonogenesis, stress shift, and quantity readjustment to paradigmatic levelling, allomorphy, and grammaticalization, this collection covers a wide spectrum of developments, primarily in Germanic, Romance, and Indo-Aryan. A traditional umbrella category of change in systems is that of analogy. Somewhat less sanctioned, markedness is a basic relation shaping the structure of systems, in phonology as well as morphology.
Multiple Analogies in Science and Philosophy
Author | : Cameron Shelley |
Publsiher | : John Benjamins Publishing |
Total Pages | : 192 |
Release | : 2003-01-01 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 9027223637 |
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A multiple analogy is a structured comparison in which several sources are likened to a target. In "Multiple analogies in science and philosophy," Shelley provides a thorough account of the cognitive representations and processes that participate in multiple analogy formation. Through analysis of real examples taken from the fields of evolutionary biology, archaeology, and Plato's "Republic," Shelley argues that multiple analogies are not simply concatenated single analogies but are instead the general form of analogical inference, of which single analogies are a special case. The result is a truly general cognitive model of analogical inference.Shelley also shows how a cognitive account of multiple analogies addresses important philosophical issues such as the confidence that one may have in an analogical explanation, and the role of analogy in science and philosophy.This book lucidly demonstrates that important questions regarding analogical inference cannot be answered adequately by consideration of single analogies alone.
The Changing English Language
Author | : Marianne Hundt,Sandra Mollin,Simone E. Pfenninger |
Publsiher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 431 |
Release | : 2017-07-20 |
Genre | : Language Arts & Disciplines |
ISBN | : 9781107086869 |
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Experts from psycholinguistics and English historical linguistics address core factors in language change.
Metaphor and Analogy in Science Education
Author | : Peter J. Aubusson,Allan G. Harrison,Stephen M. Ritchie |
Publsiher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 207 |
Release | : 2006-06-28 |
Genre | : Science |
ISBN | : 9781402038303 |
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Years ago a primary teacher told me about a great series of lessons she had just had. The class had visited rock pools on the seashore, and when she asked them about their observations they talked about: it was like a factory, it was like a church, it was like a garden, it was like our kitchen at breakfast time, etc. Each student’s analogy could be elaborated, and these analogies provided her with strongly engaged students and a great platform from which to develop their learning about biological diversity and interdependence. In everyday life we learn so many things by comparing and contrasting. The use of analogies and metaphors is important in science itself and their use in teaching science seems a natural extension, but textbooks with their own sparse logic, do not help teachers or students. David Ausubel in the 1960s had advocated the use of ‘advance organisers’ to introduce the teaching of conceptual material in the sciences, and some of these had an analogical character. However, research on the value of this idea was cumbersome and indecisive, and it ceased after just a few studies. In the 1980s research into children’s conceptions of scientific phenomena and concepts really burgeoned, and it was soon followed by an exploration of a new set of pedagogical strategies that recognised a student in a science class is much more than a tabula rasa.
Conceptual Structures for Knowledge Creation and Communication
Author | : Aldo de Moor,International Conference on Conceptual Structures,Wilfried Lex |
Publsiher | : Springer Science & Business Media |
Total Pages | : 416 |
Release | : 2003-07-09 |
Genre | : Computers |
ISBN | : 9783540405764 |
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The book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS 2003, held in Dresden, Germany in July 2003. The 23 revised full papers presented together with 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected for presentation. The papers are organized in topical sections on the many facets of conceptual structures, logical and linguistic aspects, conceptual representation of time and space, deepening the formal theory and applications of conceptual structures.