Anopheles Mosquitoes

Anopheles mosquitoes are highly important insects due to their involvement in the transmission of human malaria and its devastating consequences in endemic countries worldwide. In 2010 alone, malaria was responsible for an estimated 660,000 deaths. As the study of Anopheles species and populations is a key element for reaching the goal of malaria elimination, an enormous amount of information has accumulated over the past century, and together in recent decades with the advent of novel technologies the acquisition of new knowledge has accelerated even further. The originality of this book is to offer the latest compilation on various research, new concepts, paradigms and innovative approaches for the control of anophelines using state-of-the-art methodologies and analysis. The 24 chapters, written by internationally recognized experts from 5 continents, cover the rich landscape for the understanding of Anopheles mosquitoes and the development of more effective weapons to control the vector of malaria.

Vector-borne diseases are a major health problem in South-East Asia and in other parts of the world. There are about 4,500 mosquito species in existence; species belonging to the Anopheles genus transmit malaria. Combating malaria is part of the Millennium Development Goals, and vector control is a key strategy both regionally and globally. Therefore, the review and dissemination of information on vector species is critically important. Most of the anophelines that are involved in the transmission of malaria in South and South-East Asia have been identified as species complexes. Members of a species complex are reproductively isolated evolutionary units with distinct gene pools and hence they differ in their biological characteristics. In 1998 WHO published Anopheline Species Complexes in South-East Asia. New identification tools have been developed since then, and therefore this updated edition was needed. It summarizes work that has been done on anopheline cryptic species and will be highly valuable to researchers, field entomologists and malaria-control program managers.

Anopheles mosquitoes are responsible for involvement in the transmission of human malaria and for its destructive consequences in endemic countries worldwide. In 2010 alone, malaria was the reason for approximately 660,000 deaths. As the study of Anopheles species and populations is an important element for achieving the aim of malaria elimination, a substantial amount of information has been collected over the last century, and together in the last few decades with the advent of new technologies, the acquisition of novel knowledge has accelerated even further. The unique purpose of this book is to present recent compilation on several research, novel concepts, paradigms and innovative approaches for controlling anophelines, using state-of-the-art methodologies and analysis. The content of this book has been compiled from internationally acclaimed experts across 5 continents, covering a rich landscape for the understanding of Anopheles mosquitoes and the genetic diversity and distribution of dominant vector species.

Anopheles mosquitoes are the carrier species for transmission of human malaria and its destructive consequences in endemic countries worldwide. In 2010 alone, malaria was the reason for approximately 660,000 deaths. As the study of Anopheles species and populations is an important element for achieving the aim of malaria elimination, a substantial amount of information has been collected over the last century, and together in the last few decades with the advent of new technologies, the acquisition of novel knowledge has accelerated even further. The unique purpose of this book is to present recent compilation on several research, novel concepts, paradigms and innovative approaches for controlling anophelines, using state-of-the-art methodologies and analysis. The content of this book has been compiled from internationally acclaimed experts across 5 continents, covering anopheles mosquito's impact on pathogen transmission and vector control: new approaches and perspectives.

For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.